1973~2020年西藏昂拉仁错流域湖泊及东部冰川对气候变化的响应

Responses of Lakes and Glaciers of Tibet to Climate Change from 1973 to 2020

选取多种卫星探测数据和站点观测资料,利用ENVI和ArcGIS软件提取湖泊和冰川面积信息,分析1973~2020年青藏高原西部昂拉仁错和仁青休布错两大湖泊与东部隆格尔山脉冰川的时空演变特征及其与气象要素的关系。结果表明:近48a,昂拉仁错湖面面积总体上趋于萎缩,2000年之前呈显著减少趋势,2000~2010年呈增加趋势,2010年之后呈弱增加趋势;仁青休布错湖面面积总体上略有扩张,1993年之前呈减少趋势,1993年之后呈增加趋势;隆格尔山脉冰川总体上显著退缩,2000年之前的消融速度较2000年之后的更快;隆格尔山脉冰川面积变化在不同海拔高度存在差异,5500~6000m的冰川面积呈显著减少趋势,6000~6500m的冰川面积呈增长趋势,6500m以上的冰川面积基本不变;昂拉仁错湖面面积与降水量的相关性最好,与气温次之;仁青休布错湖面面积与地温和气温的相关性最好,与蒸发量次之;隆格尔山脉冰川面积则与蒸发量的相关性最好。

Based on the observational data from 1973 to 2020,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the area of Angla Rencuo Lake,Renqing Xubucuo Lake in the west of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Longer Mountains Glacier in the east are analyzed.The results show that the area of Angla Rencuo Lake has generally tended to shrink,showing a significant decrease before 2000,an increase from 2000 to 2010,and a weak increase after 2010.while the area of Renqing Xubucuo Lake has expanded slightly.showing a decreasing trend before 1993 and an increasing trend after 1993.The Longer Mountains Glacier retreat significantly,with melting faster before 2000 than after 2000.The changes of glacier area in the Longer Mountains are different at different altitudes.The glacier area of 5500~6000m shows a significant decreasing trend,and the glacier area of 6000~6500m shows an increasing trend.The glacier area above 6500m is basically unchanged.The area change of Angla Rencuo Lake has a strong correlation with precipitation,but a relatively weak correlation with temperature.The area change of Renqing Xubucuo Lake has the strongest correlation with the ground temperature and air temperature,but the correlation with the evaporation is weak.And the correlation between the glacier area and evaporation in the Longer Mountains Glacier is stronger than other meteorological factors.