融合课堂中教学目标设计的思考

Thoughts on the Design of Teaching Objectives in Inclusive Classrooms

融合课堂开展有效教学的前提是制订适当的教学目标,以符合每个学生的发展要求。融合课堂中的教学目标具有复杂性、层次性和综合性的特点。教学目标设计的依据包括儿童的共性与个性、儿童身心发展的差异性和普通学校课堂教学的特点。学生教学目标的设计要遵循以学生为中心、以普通课程为框架、以学习效果为导向、与个别化教育计划相结合的原则,并可以通过降低要求、增加支持、结合实际以及改变任务等途径设计融合课堂中的教学目标。

The prerequisite for effective teaching in the inclusive classroom is to formulate appropriate teaching objectives to meet the development requirements of every student.The teaching objectives in the inclusive classrooms are complex,hierarchical and comprehensive.The basis for design of teaching objectives includes the commonality and individuality of children,the differences in children's physical and psychological development,and the characteristics of regular school's classroom teaching.The design of teaching objectives should follow the principles of student-centered,general curriculum as the framework,learning effect-oriented,and integration with individualized education program.The teaching objectives in the inclusive classroom can be designed by approaches such as reducing requirements,increasing support,combining reality,and changing tasks.