福康安与清代云南铜厂生产管理的完善

On the Fukangan's Contribution to the Production of Yunnan Copper Factory in Qing Dynasty

乾隆四十一年(1776)后,云南铜政危机逐步加深,北京及各省铸币形势陷入极大紧张。其原因主要是云贵总督李侍尧所创设的铜厂量化管理和考核制度不适应采冶实际,而其为政又不够勤勉清廉,造成严重偷漏与私铸。乾隆四十五年(1780),皇帝转升福康安为云贵总督,整理云南铜务。福康安廉洁务实,高效果断,惩贪擢贤,迅速净化了云南铜厂生产链条,调整了考核办法,另觅新厂,使得云南铜产量迅速恢复并超过清廷定额。福康安的整顿,制度性地保障了此后八十余年云南铜厂的持续稳定生产,是云南铜厂生产管理制度完善的标志性事件,但其工作和贡献并没有被足够认知。

After the 41st year of Qianlong(1776),the copper crisis in Yunnan gradually intensified,and the situation of coinage in Beijing and the provinces was greatly strained.The main reason was that the quantitative management and assessment system of the copper factories created by the Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou Li Shiyao was not suitable for the actual mining and production.Meanwhile,Li Shiyao was not diligent and clean in his political affairs,causing serious leakage and private casting.In the 45th years of Qianlong(1780),the emperor was promoted to Fu Kang'an as governor of Yunnan and Guizhou,and organized Yunnan copper affairs.Fu Kang'an was clean and pragmatic,highly effective,punished the corrupt and talented,quickly purified the production chain of the Yunnan copper factory,adjusted the assessment method,and found a new factory,so that the copper output of Yunnan quickly recovered and exceeded the quota of the Qing government.The rectification of Fu Kang'an has systematically guaranteed the continuous and stable production of Yunnan copper factories for more than 80 years.It is a landmark event for the improvement of the production management system of Yunnan copper factories,but his work and contribution have not been fully recognized.