未成年人专门教育的制度困境与出路

The System Dilemma and Countermeasure of Juveniles Special Education

我国的专门教育起源于1955年的北京市温泉工读学校,经历创办、复办、转型和改革发展的四个时期,“工读学校”蜕变为“专门学校”。从现有制度来看,专门学校存在三个方面的问题:一是教育与司法出现分流;二是专门学校管理范围模糊;三是专门教育督导制度缺失。本着“立足教育,挽救孩子,科学育人,造就人才”的理念,现有的专门教育制度亟待修改完善。第一,确立教育和矫治的权责边界,促进教育与司法的合作;第二,明确专门学校的招生对象,进行分级分类矫治教育;第三,健全专门教育督导制度,增强专门教育的办学透明度。

Chinese juveniles special education originated from the Beijing Wenquan Work-study School in 1955.After four periods of establishment,resumption,transformation,reform and development,the“work-study school”transformed into a“special school”.From the current system,there are three problems in special schools:the first is the separation of education from judicature;the second is the chaotic management scope of special schools;the third is the lack of special education supervision system.In line with the concept of“being based on education,saving children,educate people scientifically,and cultivating talents”,the special education system needs to be revised and improved urgently.First,clarify the power and responsibility boundaries of education and corrections,and promote cooperation between education and justice;second,clarify the enrollment targets of special school,and carry out grading and classified correction education;third,improve the special education supervision system and enhance the transparency of special education.