幼儿自我控制能力差异的讨论:单、多孩家庭比较的视角

Discussion on the Differences of Children’s Self-control Ability from the Perspective of Comparison between Single-child and Multi-child Families

本研究以长沙市3所幼儿园180名中班幼儿为被试,使用《幼儿自我控制教师评定问卷》《家庭教养方式问卷》,调查幼儿自控能力及其家庭教养方式,比较并分析。结果表明:多孩家庭幼儿自我控制的坚持性(t=-4.2293**,p<0.01)和自我延迟满足(t=-8.0131**,p<0.01)显著高于单孩家庭幼儿;单孩家庭幼儿的自制力(t=3.2049**,p<0.01)显著优于多孩家庭幼儿;家庭教养方式中的放任性、不一致性对单、多孩家庭幼儿的自我控制各维度均有显著负相关;溺爱性、民主性、教养方式对多孩家庭幼儿的自我控制各维度有更多显著性相关项。结论:放任性、不一致性教养方式不利于幼儿自我控制能力发展;单、多孩家庭幼儿在自我控制能力维度上有差别;溺爱性、民主性教养方式均对多孩家庭幼儿自我控制能力有更显著的相关。

In this study,180 middle class children in three kindergartens in Changsha were used to investigate children’s self-control ability and family rearing style.The results showed that the persistence of self-control(t=-4.2293,P<0.01)and self-delayed satisfaction(t=-8.0131,P<0.01)of children in multi-child families were significantly higher than those in single-child families;the self-control ability of children from single-child families(t=3.2049,P<0.01)was significantly better than that of children from multi-child families;laissez faire and inconsistency in family rearing patterns have significant negative correlation with all dimensions of self-control of children in single-child and multi-child families;doting,democracy and rearing style have more significant correlations with the dimensions of children’s self-control in multi-child families.Conclusion:laissez faire and inconsistent rearing patterns are not conducive to the development of children’s self-control ability;children from single-child and multi-child families have differences in the dimension of self-control ability;doting and democratic rearing styles have a more significant correlation with children’s self-control ability in multi-child families.