2011-2019年陕西省渭南市市售食品中沙门菌污染状况及血清分型调查结果分析

Analysis on the Investigation Results of the Contamination Status and Serotype Monitoring of Salmonella in Food Sold in Weinan City of Shaanxi Province 2011 to 2019

目的了解渭南市市售食品中沙门菌的污染及血清型分布状况,为有效预防沙门菌所致食源性疾病的暴发提供科学依据。方法依据GB 4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门菌检验》进行不同类别食品中沙门菌的分离鉴定及血清学分型,利用χ^(2)检验比较不同组间数据率的差异性,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果1516份样品中共检出31株沙门菌,总检出率为2.04%(31/1516)。2018年沙门菌的检出率最高(29.17%,7/24);不同类别样品中生畜禽肉中沙门菌的检出率最高(9.52%,8/84),其次为动物性水产品(7.77%,8/103)、熟肉制品(3.91%,9/230);不同采样场所中采自路边摊点的样品中沙门菌的检出率最高(7.84%,4/51),其次为农贸市场(4.00%,13/325)、集体食堂(2.22%,2/90);31株沙门菌分属7个血清群、18个血清型,主要优势型别为鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌、婴儿沙门菌和山夫登堡沙门氏菌。结论2011-2019年渭南市市售食品中沙门菌的污染状况不容乐观,存在引发公共卫生问题的风险,相关部门应加强对食品安全卫生的监督管理,有效预防沙门氏菌引发的食源性疾病。

Objective To investigate the contamination status and serotype distribution of Salmonella in sold food of Weinan city,and to provide the scientific basis for preventing the outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by Salmonella effectively.Methods According to GB4789.4-2016 National Food Safety Standard Food Microbiology Test of Salmonella,the Salmonella strains were isolated,identified and serotyped from the different types of food,Theχ^(2) test was used to compare the differences in data rates between different groups,with P<0.05 as the statistically significant difference.Results A total of thirty-one Salmonella strains were detected from 1516 food samples and the total detection rate was 2.04%(31/1516);The highest detection rate of Salmonella was29.17%(7/24)in 2018;Among different kinds of food,the detection rate of Salmonella in raw livestock and poultry meat was the highest of 9.52%(8/84),followed by aquatic animal products(7.77%,8/103),cooked meat products(3.91%,9/230),the detection rate of Salmonella from street food stalls of different monitoring sites was the highest of 7.84%(4/51),then followed by farmer’s market(4.00%,13/325),collective canteens(2.22%,2/90);The 31 strains of Salmonella belonged to 7 serogroups and 18 serotypes,the main dominant types were S.Typhimurium,S.Derby,S.Infantis and S.Senftenberg.Conclusion The Salmonella contamination status of food sold in Weinan city during 2011-2019 is unoptimistic,the risks may lead to public health problems,relevant departments should strengthen their supervising and management of food sanitation to prevent the occurrence of food-borne illness caused by Salmonella effectively.