铁路经尾矿库区下游安全距离探讨

Exploration on the Safety Distance of Railway Passing through the Downstream of Tailings Pond

研究目的:当铁路工程临近尾矿库下游时,尾矿库将对铁路工程安全运营构成威胁,合适的安全距离对降低溃坝风险、对铁路工程的影响具有重要意义,但目前关于铁路工程与尾矿库安全距离的确定依据并不明确。本文以济南至莱芜铁路的选线研究为例,通过现场调查和规程规范解读,对比探讨经验公式、数学模型与简易模型等不同预测模型以确定最优安全距离。研究结论:(1)以2 km安全距离为基础,按尾矿库的等别分别进行调整是现场确定安全距离较为简易实用的方法,在条件允许的情况下可进一步采用精确数学模型对安全距离进行分析论证;(2)对于在尾矿库下游进行高速铁路等重要且事故社会影响大的工程,进行溃坝分析及安全距离评定时,应提高一级进行考虑,以确保工程建设的安全;(3)本文研究可为以后类似工程的建设及规范编制提供借鉴意义。

Research purposes:When the railway project is near the downstream of tailings pond,the tailings pond will threaten the safe operation of railway engineering.Appropriate safety distance is of great significance to reduce the impact of dam break risk on railway engineering.However,the basis for determining the safe distance between railway engineering and the tailings pond is not clear.Taking the study on route selection of Jinan-Laiwu Railway as an example,through on-site investigation and interpretation of rules and regulations,different prediction models such as empirical formula,mathematical model and simple model are compared to determine the optimal safe distance.Research conclusions:(1)Based on a safe distance of two kilometers,it is a simple and practical method to determine the safety distance on site by adjusting the tailing pond grade.If conditions permit,the exact mathematical model can be further used to analyze and demonstrate the safe distance.(2)For high-speed railway and other important projects with great social impact in the downstream of tailings pond,in order to ensure the safety of engineering construction,the dam break analysis and safety distance assessment should be considered as one level higher.(3)This paper can provide reference for the construction of similar projects and standard compilation in the future.