2013年中国乳母贫血状况及影响因素

Prevalence and risk factors for anemia of Chinese lactating women in 2013

目的研究中国乳母贫血状况并分析其相关影响因素。方法数据来源于2013年中国居民营养与健康状况监测,调查30个省(直辖市、自治区)的55个监测点共计6255名正在哺乳母亲,采用问卷调查收集乳母基本情况,采用氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定乳母血红蛋白含量。采用国家统计局第六次人口普查的人口数据进行复杂抽样的加权处理,分析中国乳母贫血患病率,采用多因素复杂抽样的Surveylogistic模型分析乳母贫血的影响因素。结果经过复杂抽样加权处理,2013年中国乳母贫血患病率为9.3%;乳母血红蛋白含量为(136.1±0.9)g/L;贫血以轻、中度贫血为主,占98.8%。与哺乳月龄<6个月的母亲相比,哺乳月龄在6~12月的乳母贫血的风险更低(OR=0.74,95%CI 0.61~0.90);与生活在大城市的乳母相比,生活在贫困农村乳母贫血的风险增加(OR=1.69,95%CI 1.29~2.20)。结论 2013年中国乳母贫血属轻度流行,生活在贫困农村、产后6个月内的乳母贫血检出率较高。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of anemia and its risk factors for lactating women in China. METHODS Data was extracted from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance-Mothers for children under 2 years of age(2013). Totally, 11 178 mothers of children under 2 years old were selected from 55 counties of 30 provinces in China by using the multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling method. Among these women 7129 are lactating. The basic information of lactating women was collected through the questionnaire survey. Hemoglobin concentration was measured by photometric determination of haemiglobincyanide(HiCN) method. Participants without blood sample and basic information were excluded. Finally, 6255 lactating women were included in the analysis. Complex sampling method with weighted analysis was used. RESULTS Totally, with a complex sampling method with weighted analysis, the prevalence of anemia for lactating women was 9.3%. The mean hemoglobin level was(136.1±0.9) g/L. The mild and moderate anemia accounted for 98.8% of all anemic cases. Compared with those lactating time<6 months, lactating time between 6 to 12 months had a lower risk of anemia(OR=0.74, 95%CI 0.61-0.90). Compared with those living in large cities, the maternal living in poor rural areas had a higher risk of anemia(OR=1.69, 95%CI 1.29-2.20). CONCLUSION In 2013, the prevalence of anemia was mild for the lactating women in China. Lactating women in poor rural areas, within 6 months after deliveryhad the higher risk for anemia.