2017—2019年广州市售食品中铅污染状况及健康风险评估

Lead contamination status and assessment of potential risk to human health of commercial foods in Guangzhou City in 2017-2019

目的了解广州市售食品中铅污染状况,评估居民膳食中铅暴露的健康风险。方法 2017—2019年,采集广州市售食品样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品中的铅含量;结合广州市不同年龄段居民食物消费量数据,计算广州市居民膳食中铅的暴露量,并用暴露边界比(margin of exposure, MOE)对人群健康风险进行评估。结果共采集市售食品样品15类3130份,铅的总体检出率为82.11%,超标率为0.13%,铅含量均值为0.031 mg/kg。铅含量均值居前三位的食品为双壳类、食用菌和面及面制品,双壳类、蛋及蛋制品和面及面制品存在铅超标。广州市3~6岁、7~17岁、18~59岁和60岁及以上人群每日膳食铅暴露的平均量分别为0.368、0.377、0.326和0.337μg/kg,各年龄段高食物消费人群(P95)每日膳食铅暴露量分别为1.091、1.079、0.906和0.925μg/kg。芸薹类和叶菜类、米及米制品和畜肉类是居民膳食铅暴露的主要来源,占膳食铅总暴露量的53.28%。各年龄段人群铅的MOE均值均大于1,但3~6岁和7~17岁人群MOE值的P95小于1,分别为0.55和0.56。结论广州市售食品存在一定的铅超标。各年龄段居民膳食平均铅暴露量对健康造成的风险较低,但3~6岁和7~17岁高食物消费人群的膳食铅暴露有一定的健康风险,需要重点关注。

OBJECTIVE To investigate lead contamination in commercial foods in Guangzhou City, and to assess the health risk of dietary lead exposure in the residents. METHODS Food samples were collected in 11 districts in Guangzhou City from 2017 to 2019. The samples were tested for lead by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The dietary exposure to lead of residents of different age groups in Guangzhou was calculated in combination with the intake of foods from the food consumption survey of Guangzhou residents in 2011, and the margin of exposure(MOE) method was used to evaluate the health risk of the population. RESULTS A todal of 3130 food samples of 15 categories were collected. The overall lead detection rate was 82.11%, the exceeding rate was 0.13%, and the average lead content was 0.031 mg/kg. The highest lead levels were found in bivalve, edible fungi and flour and flour products. Excessive levels of lead were found in bivalve, eggs and egg products, and flour and flour products. The average daily dietary intake of lead in people aged 3-6, 7-17, 18-59 and over 60 in Guangzhou were 0.368, 0.377, 0.326 and 0.337 μg/kg, respectively. Daily lead exposure of population with high consumption(P95) in various age groups through foods were 1.091, 1.079, 0.906 and 0.925 μg/kg, respectively. Brassica and leafy vegetables, rice and its products and meat were the main sources of dietary lead exposure, accounting for 53.28% of the total dietary lead exposure. The average MOE of lead in all age groups were greater than 1, but the P95 of MOE value of people aged 3-6 and 7-17 were 0.55 and 0.56, respectively, which presented certain health risks. CONCLUSIONThere was a certain amount of lead exceeding the standard in commercial foods in Guangzhou. The average level of dietary lead exposure for residents of all ages posed a low risk to population health, but the dietary lead exposure risk of high-food consumers aged 3-6 and 7-17 posed certain health risks that deserve significant attention.