基因信息的应用场景及其私法规范

Application Scenarios of Gene Information and Its Private Law Specification

基因信息系《民法典》规定的私密信息,其具备的“(非绝对)预测性”及“共享性”使其在侵权路径和责任模式上区别于其他私密信息,但理论及实务两界的忽视导致基因信息未得到应有的保护。《个人信息保护法》并未延续《民法典》的分类标准,故而厘清《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》关于基因信息救济思路的区别,是解决基因信息在不同社会梯度权益冲突的前提。具言之,私法上对基因信息的保护应通过“规制源头”及“矫治下游”来实现,结合科研、就业、保险等具体场景,界定基因信息收集使用的合理范围及合法披露的具体尺度。

Gene information is private information stipulated in Civil Code of the People's Republic of China,and its"(non-absolute)predictive"and"sharing"natures make it different from other private information in infringement path and liability mode,but the neglect of theoretical and practice circles leads to undue protection of genetic information.Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China does not continue the classification standards of Civil Code of the People's Republic of China.Therefore,clarifying the difference between Civil Code of the People's Republic of China and Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China is the premise for solving the conflict of rights and interests of genetic information in different social gradients.Generally,the protection of gene information in private law should be realized by"regulating the source"and"correcting the downstream".Combined with specific scenarios such as scientific research,employment and insurance,it needs to define the reasonable scope of collection and use of gene information,and the specific scale of legal disclosure.