“绝地天通”与中国医学“巫医分立”的完成

"Disconnection of Heaven from Earth"and Completion of the"Separation of Shamans and Doctors"in Chinese Medicine

中国医学早期神灵主义医学模式中并存着两种医疗模式,一种是“巫医同源”的医学模式,即由巫师以占卜、祈祷、仪式等巫术诊疗疾病。另一种是源于上古社会发生的“绝地天通”事件,即“绝地天通”的医学模式。“绝地天通”带来巫师的职能分化,使得从事专门医疗活动的巫师及职业巫医产生了。这之后,医疗活动的专门化使得巫师在自己的巫术外,还需要掌握辅助诊疗技术的辅助人员帮助自己完成仪式,最终在战国时期,辅助诊疗技术从巫术中分离出来,形成了医术;辅助人员从巫师中分离出来,成为了医师,中国医学的巫医分立就此完成。

In early spiritism stage of the history of Chinese medicine,two medical modes co-existed.One of them was"homology of shamans and doctors",that is,shamans used divination,prayer,ritual and other ways to diagnose and treat diseases.Another medical mode originated from the event of"Disconnection of Heaven from Earth",namely the medical mode of"Disconnection of Heaven from Earth".The function differentiation of shamans caused by the"Disconnection of Heaven from Earth"led to the shamans'engagement in medical activities,and hence,shamanic doctors appeared.After the event of"Disconnection of Heaven from Earth",shamans performed their medical activities not only used their own rituals,but also needed staff with auxiliary diagnosis and treatment technology to help them complete the ceremony.Finally,the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment technology was separated from shaman-craft and formed the leechcraft.The auxiliary staff separated from the shamans and became doctors,and completed the division of shamans and doctors in the history of Chinese medicine.