迈向普及化进程中地方普通高校生均经费差异分析

The Difference in Per-pupil Expenditure of Local Regular Universities in the Process of Popularization Stage of Higher Education

本文分析了我国高等教育在迈向普及化的进程中(2002—2018年),地方普通高校生均经费的变化情况及其省际差异和地区差异。主要发现是:第一,在此期间,地方普通高校生均总经费增速缓慢,且几乎完全源于生均预算内经费的增长。第二,生均预算内经费是导致省际间生均总经费不平等的主要原因。第三,生均经费的地区差异体现为东部高于西部、西部高于中部,以及南方高于北方。但生均经费的差异主要原因不是区域之间的差异,而是同一区域内各省份之间的差异。第四,生均经费的省际差异、东中西差异和南北差异在2012年之前都经历了先扩大后缩小的过程,但在2012年以后都呈现扩大趋势。第五,近三年,中部地区所有省份、东部地区的北方省份以及西部地区的南方省份的生均经费相对而言处于较低水平。政府应该积极制定相关政策,努力增加学费、民办高校投入、捐赠、高校创收等非财政性渠道对高等教育的投入,并改革和完善高等教育财政转移支付制度以加大对中部地区、东部地区北方省份以及西部地区南方省份的财政扶持力度。

Using data from 2002 to 2018,this paper analyzes provincial differences and regional differences in per-pupil expenditure of local regular universities in the process to the popularization of higher education in China.We find that:(1)per-pupil expenditure increased slowly and mainly due to the growth of fiscal expenditure;(2)per-pupil fiscal expenditure was the main reason for provincial differences;(3)per-pupil expenditure in the East was higher than that in the West and the Central,and was higher in the South than that in the North;(4)provincial differences and regional differences in per-pupil expenditure had become larger since 2012;(5)in the recent three years,central provinces,northern provinces in the East and southern provinces in the West had relatively lower per-pupil expenditure.In conclusion,we suggest that non-fiscal funds in higher education should be encouraged and fiscal transfer should target the provinces with lower per-pupil expenditure as mentioned above.