唐代移都就食现象研究

A Study on the Phenomenon of Moving the Capital to Food in Tang Dynasty

移都就食是“主辅摇摆”现象中的一种特殊情况。历史上的移都就食现象以唐代最为典型。唐代发生过至少十余次从长安到洛阳的移都就食。隋唐长安辉煌之下隐藏着不足:土地承载力已处于过度饱和状态。再加上当时严重的自然灾害,关中地区的经济地位大不如前,粮食远不能满足京师人口的需要。而且唐朝前期的漕运体系尚不健全,转运江南地区的粮食到长安远比到洛阳困难得多。于是,帝王便带领后妃及官员等去东都就食。就食期间,相应的政治中心也由长安转移到洛阳。直到开元以后,漕运问题得到良好解决,洛阳城逐渐衰落,帝王一行人才不再东去就食。唐朝前期,就食是帝王去往东都的根本原因,因此就食问题是研究唐代“主辅摇摆”期问题的重要内容。

Moving the capital to food is a special case in the phenomenon of“main and auxiliary swing”.The phenomenon of shifting the capital to food in history is the most typical in the Tang Dynasty.In the Tang Dynasty,there were at least more than ten shifts from Chang’an to Luoyang.Under the splendor of Chang’an in the Sui and Tang dynasties,there were shortcomings hidden:the land bearing capacity was already over-saturated.Coupled with the severe natural disasters at that time,the economic status of the Guanzhong area was greatly lowered,and food was far from being able to continue to meet the needs of the capital of the capital.Moreover,the water transportation system in the early Tang Dynasty was not perfect.It was far more difficult to transport grain from the Jiangnan region to Chang’an than to Luoyang.Therefore,the emperor led his concubines and officials to the eastern capital for food.During the eclipse,the corresponding political center was also transferred from Chang’an to Luoyang.It was not until after Kaiyuan that the water transport problem was well resolved,and Luoyang City gradually declined,and the emperor and his party stopped going east to eat.In the early stage of the Tang Dynasty,eating food was the fundamental reason for the emperor to go to the eastern capital.Therefore,eating food was an important content of studying the issue of the“main and auxiliary swing”period in the Tang Dynasty.