骨质疏松脊柱骨折女性患者生活质量评价及影响因素研究

Evaluation of quality of life in female patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures and its influencing factors

目的调查骨质疏松脊柱骨折女性患者生活质量现状,并对其影响因素进行分析。方法采用整群随机抽样法,选取哈尔滨市某两所三级甲等综合医院骨科收治的300例首次接受椎体成型术、经皮球囊扩张椎体成形术和经皮自体骨移植的女性骨质疏松脊柱骨折患者为研究对象,使用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表、一般自我效能感量表、简易应对方式问卷、贝克抑郁量表第2版进行问卷调查。结果 (1)骨质疏松脊柱骨折女性患者生活质量的生理、心理、社会关系、环境领域的评分均低于国内常模(P<0.05);(2)患者生理领域生活质量的影响因素为婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入和抑郁;(3)患者心理领域生活质量的影响因素为年龄、居住地、自我效能感和积极应对方式;(4)患者社会关系领域生活质量的影响因素为文化程度、居住地和婚姻状况;(5)患者环境领域生活质量的影响因素为居住地、家庭人均月收入和自我效能感。结论骨质疏松脊柱骨折女性患者生活质量下降,可通过心理干预提高患者积极应对方式的使用,增强其自我效能感,避免焦虑的不良影响。

Objective To investigate the quality of life of female patients with osteoporotic spinal fracture and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Whole group random sampling method was adopted, a total of 300 female patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures undergoing vertebroplasty, percutaneous balloon vertebroplasty and percutaneous autogenous bone grafting for the first time were recruited from the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of two Grade Ⅲa general hospital in Harbin for a self administered questionnaire survey. World Health Organization on Quality of Life Briefscale, general self-efficacy scale, simplified coping style questionnaire, and the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory were used for the survey. Results(1)The scores of physical, psychological, social and environmental aspects of quality of life in female patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures were all lower than those of domestic norm(P<0.05);(2)The factors influencing the quality of life in the physical field of patients were monthly household income, marital status, depression;(3)The factors influencing the quality of life in the psychological field of patients were age, place of residence, self-efficacy and positive coping style;(4)The factors influencing the quality of life in the area of social relations were education, marital place of residence, and status;(5)The factors influencing the quality of life in the field of environment of patients were the place of residence and the per capita monthly income of the family, self-efficacy. Conclusion The quality of life of female patients with osteoporotic spinal fracture is decreased, which can be improved by psychological intervention to guide the patients to adopt positive coping style, enhance their self-efficacy, avoid the adverse effects of anxiety.