博物馆学习中的观众参与:概念、特点与对策

Visitor Engagement in Museum Learning:Concepts,Features and Countermeasures

当下社会处于迅速发展和转型之中,“参与”是博物馆现代化发展进程中的一个关键词,在互联网的冲击下,传统博物馆势必要向更强的参与性转变,从而满足公众新的需求和期待。在博物馆学习中,观众参与表现为在意识中将自己设想为主动的探索者,在行动中通过体验或操作增进认知。观众参与的特点包括以阐释性展览为参与的场所,以身体、情感和思维为参与的要素,以意义的构建和共享为参与的结果。博物馆可从分众化的展览系统、与观众相连接的展览内容、情境化的沉浸体验、游戏化的参与方式、多感官的体验模式、观众参与表达的平台、群体参观的社交环境七个方面构建参与性的展览环境。

The current society is undergoing rapid development and transformation.“Engagement”is a key word in the modernization of museums.Under the impact of the developed Internet and prosperous leisure market,traditional museums are bound to change towards stronger engagement,so as to meet the new needs and expectations of the public.In museum learning,visitor engagement is manifested by conceiving themselves as active explorers in their consciousness and enhancing cognition through experience or operation in action.In visitor engagement,the interpretative exhibition is the place of engagement,body,emotion and thinking are the elements of engagement,and the construction and sharing of meaning are the result of engagement.An engaging exhibition environment is achieved through an exhibition system with audience-division,relevant exhibition content,contextualized immersive experience,game based participation,multisensory experience modes,opportunities for visitor to participate in expression,and social environment for group visits.