从深海多金属氧化矿中提取关键金属技术研究现状与分析

Research Status and Analysis of Extraction of Key Metals from Deep-sea Polymetallic Oxide Ore

铁锰结核、富钴结壳等深海多金属氧化矿富含钴、镍、铜、锰、稀有金属元素等,从其被发现就被认为是未来重要的关键金属原料,尤其是全球绿色经济发展的需要,对从深海多金属氧化矿中获取绿色关键金属成为鼓励深海采矿的重要驱动力。概述了绿色经济发展对关键金属的需求、陆地资源供应及价格趋势,分析了结核和结壳中各关键金属价值构成;对从深海多金属氧化矿中提取镍、钴、铜、钼、稀土、铂、锰等技术分别进行回顾和分析;最后从绿色低碳、最大化综合利用角度,分析深海关键金属提取冶金技术的发展趋势。

Deep-sea polymetallic oxide ores such as iron-manganese nodules and cobalt-rich crusts are rich in cobalt,nickel,copper,manganese,and rare metal elements.They are considered to be important key metal raw materials in the future,especially for the development of global green economy.Obtaining green key metals from deep-sea polymetallic oxide ore has become an important driving force to encourage deepsea mining.Demand for key metals,land resource supply and price trends for development of green economy were summarized.Value composition of key metals in polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich crusts were analyzed.Extraction technology of nickel,cobalt,copper,molybdenum,rare earth,platinum,and manganese from deep-sea polymetallic oxide ores were reviewed and analyzed.Development extraction technology trend of deep-sea key metals was analyzed from view of perspective of green,low-carbon,and maximum comprehensive utilization.