《十批判书》的写作语境与意图

The Context and Intent in Writing of Shi Pi Pan Shu

《十批判书》是20世纪三四十年代中国马克思主义史学内部论战的产物。1944年前后,郭沫若接连了解到翦伯赞、范文澜、侯外庐等马克思主义史家关于中国古代历史的研究成果。他们重申与郭氏的学术分歧,并进一步展开学术批判,却忽略郭氏已对旧说有所更新或修订。因此,郭氏重燃写作热情,以"自我批判"或"隔空对话"方式展开论战,最终结集成《十批判书》。这场论战聚焦于商周社会性质和孔子、墨子思想的阶级属性,涉及古史分期、古代土地所有制形式等问题,上承20世纪二三十年代社会史论战,下启五六十年代"五朵金花"研究。作为论战的主要成果之一,《十批判书》是研究马克思主义史学史的重要史料。

Shi Pi Pan Shu was an outcome of the internal polemics of Chinese Marxist historiography in the 1930 s to 1940 s. Around 1944, Guo Moruo learned in quick succession about the research findings of Jian Bozan, Fan Wenlan, Hou Wailu and other Marxist historians on ancient Chinese history. They reiterated their scholarly differences with Guo and developed further scholarly criticism, but paid little attention to the fact that Guo had updated or revised his old doctrine. As a result, Guo rekindled his passion for writing, engaging in polemics in the form of ‘self-criticism’ or ‘implicit criticism’, which was compiled into Shi Pi Pan Shu. The debate focused on the nature of Shang and Zhou societies and the class attributes of Confucianism and Mohism, involving such issues as the staging of ancient history and ancient forms of land ownership. It also extended to the modern times ranging from the argumentation on the social history of the 1920 s to 1930 s, to the Five Golden Flowers studies of the 1950 s to 1960 s. As one of the main accomplishments of the polemics, Shi Pi Pan Shu remains an essential historical literature for the study of the Marxist historiography.