土地确权与农民收入:机制与实证

On Farmland Entitlement and Farmers’Income:Mechanism and Its Empirical Survey

土地剩余控制权的错配扭曲了农户的土地关系专用性投资和土地流转投资,降低了非农就业稳定性,成为农户收入稳定持续增长的重要藩篱。为了探讨土地确权对农民收入增长的影响机制,文章利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2011年和2015年农户调查数据,评估土地确权对农民增收的政策效果。研究发现,土地确权将土地剩余控制权配置给农户,保障了农户土地关系专用性投资权益,从而增加了农户的经营性收入;保障了农户的土地流转投资权益,增加了转出户的租金收入和转入户的经营性收入;显著提升了农户非农就业稳定性,增加了农户的工资性收入。文章的政策含义在于将土地剩余控制权配置给投资决策相对重要的一方农户是更有效率的,要充分释放土地确权的制度红利,建立我国农民收入增长的长效机制。

The mismatch of residual control right of farmland distorts farmers’specific investment of the land relationship and land transfer investment,reduces the stability of non-agricultural employment,and becomes a major barrier to inhibit the stable and sus⁃tainable growth of farmers’income.In order to explore the impacting mechanism of farmland entitlement on farmers’income growth,this paper uses the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2011 and 2015 to evaluate the effect of farmland entitlement on increasing farmers’income.It is found that the allocation of residual control right of farmland to farmers ensures the specific investment rights and interests of farmers’land relationships,thus increasing the operating income of farmers.It ensures the investment rights and interests of farmers in land transfer,and increases the rental income of transferring out house⁃holds and the operating income of transferring in households.It has significantly improved the stability of farmers’non-agricultural employment and increased farmers’income.The policy implication of this paper is that it is more efficient to allocate the residual control right of farmland to farmers who are relatively important in investment decision-making.We should fully release the institu⁃tional dividend of farmland entitlement and establish a long-term mechanism for farmers’income growth in China.