过滤养猪废水厌氧发酵微生物菌群结构及动态变化

MICROBIAL FLORA STRUCTURE AND ITS DYNAMIC CHANGES DURING ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF FILTERED SWINE WASTEWATER

传统厌氧发酵处理养猪废水存在效率低、周期长以及环境要求严苛等局限,无法实现高效运行。基于自主设计的种养废弃物综合资源化利用技术,利用玉米秸秆过滤养猪废水中的悬浮性固体,对比研究废水过滤前后性质,并采用高通量测序技术分析厌氧发酵过程中过滤养猪废水的细菌与古菌群落组成和变化特征。结果表明:厌氧发酵过程由多种微生物菌群协同作用,不同水力停留时间下,过滤养猪废水中的主要细菌类群是厚壁菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门,除接种物外,其他3个样本中均检测到螺旋菌门的存在。此外,废水中主要古菌类群为广古菌门,主要作用菌为产甲烷菌。水力停留时间变化对古菌群落变化具有显著影响,导致产甲烷的差异性。微生物群落和废水指标变化表明种养废弃物综合资源化利用技术降低了处理成本,对促进养猪废水资源循环利用具有参考意义。

The treatment of pig raising wastewater by traditional anaerobic fermentation methods has some limitations for application such as low efficiency, long cycle length, and strict environmental requirements, which cannot treat pig raising wastewater with high efficiency. In this paper, we filtered the suspended solids from pig rearing wastewater by using corn straw, based on an autonomous designed integrated resource-based utilization technology, comparatively studied the properties before and after wastewater filtration, and analyzed the bacterial and archaeal community composition and change characteristics of filtered pig rearing wastewater during anaerobic fermentation by using high-throughput sequencing. The results of this study showed that anaerobic fermentation process was condutcted by multiple microbial flora, and that the predominant bacterial taxa in filtered pig wastewater at different hydraulic residence times were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and the presence of spirochaetes was detected in all three samples except inoculum. In addition, the main archaeal group in wastewater was the phylum Guanggu, and the main acting bacteria were methanogens. Hydraulic retention time variation had a significant impact on archaeal community change, resulting in differential methanogenesis. The changes in microbial communities and wastewater indicators indicated that the comprehensive and resource-based technology of breeding waste reduced the treatment cost, and had reference significance for recycling wastewater resources from pig cultivation.