住院患者社会衰弱情况及影响因素分析

Analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of social frailty in inpatients

目的应用横断面研究了解50岁及以上住院患者的社会衰弱情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法选取2019年1~12月首都医科大学宣武医院收治的352例患者,采用社会衰弱量表(help、participation、loneliness、financial、talk,HALFT scale)评估患者社会衰弱情况,评分≥3分纳入社会衰弱组,<3分纳入非社会衰弱组,分析社会衰弱的患病情况及影响因素。结果35例符合社会衰弱标准,患病率为9.9%;与非社会衰弱组相比,社会衰弱组年龄较大,步速和握力更差,更易发生抑郁症状,多重用药、跌倒、失眠的比例较高,参加体育锻炼较少,更易发生骨质疏松和白内障。Logistic回归分析显示,步速(OR=0.041,95%CI:0.006~0.304,P=0.002)及抑郁症状(OR=1.170,95%CI:1.071~1.277,P<0.001)是影响社会衰弱的独立危险因素。结论在50岁及以上住院患者中,社会衰弱与躯体功能及心理功能相关,提示需要关注患者的躯体及心理功能,及早预防及治疗。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of social frailty.Methods A total of 352 inpatients aged fifty years and over of Xuanwu Hospital were selected.Their social frailty was evaluated by HALFT scale.Those who scored more than or equal to three were included in the social frailty group.The rest of them who scored less than three were included in the non-social frailty group.The prevalence and risk factors affecting social frailty were analyzed.Results Among them 35 people met the criteria of social frailty,and the prevalence of social frailty was 9.9%.Compared with the control group,social frailty patients were older,had lower physical activity levels,walking speed and handgrip strength,and were more prone to depressive symptoms,osteoporosis and cataract.In addition,a higher rates of multiple medications,falls and sleep disorders in participants with social frailty was shown in the social frailty group.Logisitic regression analysis showed that social frailty was independently associated with walking speed(OR=0.041,95%CI:0.006-0.304,P=0.002)and depressive symptoms(OR=1.170,95%CI:1.071-1.277,P<0.001)after adjusting for covariates.Conclusions Among inpatients aged fifty and over,social frailty is associated with physical and psychological functions.It prompts the need to pay attention to the physical and psychological functions of patients,as well as early prevention and treatment.