长期护理保险试点背景下老年人长期照护需求研究——以接受长期护理保险服务的上海市社区居家老年人为对象

The Long-term Care Needs of the Elderly Against the Background of the Long-term Care Insurance Pilot Scheme:a Study on Older People Living in Shanghai Communities Who Receive Long-term Care Insurance Services

基于2020年9—10月由上海市老龄事业发展促进中心和"长期护理保险背景下老年人长期照护需求研究"课题组联合在上海广群护理站等7个护理站开展的"上海市老年人长期照护需求调查"数据,研究在长期护理保险试点背景下老年人的长期照护需求特征及其差异。研究表明:接受长期护理保险服务的老年人经济状况较差,对护理服务费用的支付意愿和支付能力较低;家人是老年人的主要长期照料人员,长期护理服务人员照护的重要性在提高,尤其对独居老年人来说更是如此;居家照护是绝大部分老年人的选择,文化程度、收入差异会影响老年人对长期照护方式的选择;居家接受长期照护服务的老年人对日常生活类服务和个人及身体护理类服务的需求度较高,对临床护理类服务的需求度较低,对康复类服务和心理关爱类服务的需求度也较高,并且存在性别和年龄方面的差异。提出了构建以长期护理保险为主体、与社区居家养老服务相结合的长期照护保障体系等对策建议。

Based on data from the"Survey on the Long-term Care Needs of the Elderly in Shanghai"conducted in 7 nursing stations including Guangqun nursing station from September to October in 2020,this paper studied the characteristics and differences of the long-term care needs of older people against the background of the long-term care insurance pilot scheme.Results show that,firstly,older adults who have received the long-term care insurance service are in poor economic conditions and are reluctant and unable to pay for the care service.Secondly,family members are the primary long-term caregivers for the elderly,and the importance of this care service is increasing,especially for older people who live alone.Thirdly,home-based care is the choice of the vast majority of the elderly,although level of education and income may affect their choice.Fourthly,older people who receive long-term care services at home have a low demand for clinical care services and a high demand for daily living services,personal and body care services,rehabilitation services and psychological care services,and gender and age differences exist.Then this paper proposed that we develop a care system with long-term care insurance as the pillar and the community-based home care service as an important part.