金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成及调控机制研究进展

Research progress on formation and regulation mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm

金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)具有极强的致病性和耐药性,这与它易于形成生物膜密切相关。金葡菌生物膜的形成,最初认为与多糖细胞间黏附素(PIA)有关,但进一步研究发现,即使没有PIA,金葡菌也可以利用细胞壁锚定蛋白(CWA)形成生物膜。根据研究数据,可以将生物膜形成过程分为4个阶段:初始附着、细胞聚集、生物膜成熟、生物膜分散。金葡菌生物膜的形成主要受群体感应(QS)系统调控,该系统涉及各种调控因子,研究较多的有辅助基因调节子(Agr)、葡萄球菌附属调节子(Sar)、转录因子Sigma B(SigB)和信号传导系统(LuxS/AI-2)。这些调控因子不仅具有各自的调控系统,而且相互协同和制约,共同调节金葡菌生物膜的形成和毒素的释放,与金葡菌的耐药性和致病性密切相关。通过对QS系统及其调控因子的靶向干预,有望找到防控金葡菌感染的新途径。本综述归纳总结了金葡菌生物膜的形成及调控机制研究进展,以期为进一步深入研究提供参考。

Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)has strong pathogenicity and drug resistance,which is closely related to its easy formation of biofilm.The formation of S.aureus biofilm originally was thought related to polysaccharide intercellular adhesion(PIA),but further studies have found that S.aureus can form biofilms using cell wall anchoring(CWA)protein even without PIA.According to research data,the process of biofilm formation can be divided into four stages:initial attachment,cell aggregation,biofilm maturation and biofilm dispersion.The formation of S.aureus biofilm is mainly regulated by quorum sensing(QS)system that involves various regulatory factors,in which accessory gene regulator(Agr),Staphylococcal accessory regulator(Sar),transcription factor sigma B(SigB)and signal transduction system(LuxS/AI-2)are more researched.These regulatory factors not only have their own regulatory systems,but also coordinate and restrict each other to jointly regulate the biofilm formation and the toxins release,which are closely related to the drug resistance and pathogenicity of S.aureus.Through targeting the QS system and its regulatory factors,it is expected to find new ways to prevent and control S.aureus infection.This review summarizes the research progress on the formation and regulation mechanism of S.aureus biofilm,with the aim of providing references for further research.