厦门地区儿童过敏原筛查结果分析

Analysis of allergen screening among the children in Xiamen

目的了解厦门地区儿童食入性和吸入性过敏原的分布特点,为儿童过敏性疾病的防治提供参考。方法选取该院2018年1月-2021年5月门诊和住院疑似过敏性疾病的患儿4886例,采用欧蒙印迹法检测患儿血清过敏原特异性IgE抗体,分析各种过敏原的阳性分布情况。结果不同性别患儿食入性过敏原和吸入性过敏原的阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.42,P<0.05;χ^(2)=5.08,P<0.05);儿童食入性过敏原鸡蛋白、牛奶及牛肉居前三位,三者阳性率无性别差异(P>0.05);吸入性过敏原以尘螨组合阳性率最高,超过30%,男女易感性存在差异(χ^(2)=5.17,P<0.05),男童较女童阳性率高,其次为蟑螂和屋尘。鸡蛋白、牛奶及牛肉发生过敏反应以1、2级常见,而尘螨组合发生高度过敏的阳性率高。除虾、蟹外,食入性过敏原阳性率随年龄增长呈降低趋势,青春期前儿童部分吸入性过敏原阳性率随年龄增长呈升高趋势。厦门地区儿童过敏性疾病以混合过敏为主。3岁内儿童,食入性过敏原和吸入性过敏原中的中重度混合过敏阳性率超过15%,其阳性率随年龄增长呈降低趋势(χ^(2)线性=129.850,P<0.05;χ^(2)线性=11.610,P<0.05)。结论厦门地区儿童主要食入性过敏原为鸡蛋白、牛奶及牛肉;主要吸入性过敏原为尘螨组合、蟑螂及屋尘。不同年龄段儿童的过敏原结构存在差异。3岁内儿童应警惕中重度混合过敏,尘螨组合过敏则应注意高度过敏的发生。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of food and inhalant allergens among the children in Xiamen to provide the reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children.Methods EUROLINE atopy is applied to detect serum allergen-specific IgE antibodies in 4886 patients with suspected allergic diseases in the first affiliated hospital of Xiamen University from January 2018 to May 2021 and analyze the distribution of various allergens.Results The positive rates of food allergens and inhalant allergens are different among different genders(2=17.42,P<0.05;2=5.08,P<0.05).Chicken protein,milk and beef are the top three food allergens in children,and there is no gender difference in the positive rates of the three allergens(P>0.05).The positive rate of dust mite is the highest among the inhalant allergens(exceeding 30%),and boys are more likely to be allergic to it(χ^(2)=5.17,P<0.05),followed by cockroaches and house dust.Chicken protein,milk and beef often cause grade 1 or 2 allergic reaction,while dust mite is the most likely cause of severe allergic reaction.Except shrimp and crab,the positive rates of food allergens decreased with age.The positive rates of partial inhalant allergens in prepubertal children increased with age.The main allergic disease among children in Xiamen is mixed allergy.The incidence of moderate and severe mixed allergy caused by food and inhalant allergens is more than 15%in children under 3 years old,and the incidence decreased with age(2 Linear=129.850,P<0.05;2 Linear=11.610,P<0.05).Conclusion The major food allergens of children in Xiamen are chicken protein,milk and beef,while the main inhalant allergen are dust mite,cockroach and house dust.Children are allergic to different allergens in different ages.Children under 3 years old must be on guard against moderate and severe mixed allergy,and those allergic to dust mite should pay attention to the occurrence of allergy.