检察机关办案模式变革及理论基础

The Reform of the Handling Cases Mode of Procuratorial Organization and Its Theoretical Basis

2018年修订的《人民检察院组织法》从法律上确认了检察机关司法责任制改革的成果。最高人民检察院《关于完善人民检察院司法责任制的若干意见》将检察机关长期实行的审批制办案模式改革为以合一制为主和以分离制为辅的混合办案模式。合一制办案模式明确了办案者与定案者的合一,分离制办案模式明确了办案者与定案者的分离。司法权分为审查证据权、认定事实权和适用法律权等三项基本权能。司法权的全部权能可以由一个办案主体行使,也可以由不同的办案主体混同行使,还可以由不同的办案主体分别行使。合一制和分离制都符合司法亲历性。司法亲历性有其适用范围,并与司法权的具体行使方式、司法权的可监督性紧密相关。

The People’s Procuratorial Organization Law revised in 2018 confirmed the achievements of the reform of the judicial responsibility system of the procuratorial organization.The Opinions on Improving the Judicial Responsibility System of the People’s Procuratorate made by The Supreme People’s Procuratorate’s reforms the long-term examination and approval system of the procuratorial organs into a mixed mode of handling cases,which is mainly based on the unity system and supplemented by the separation system.The unity system clearly recognizes the unity of the case handler and the decision maker,and the separation system clearly defines the separation of the case handler and the decision maker.Judicial power can be divided into three basic functions:the power to examine evidence,the power to determine facts,and the power to apply law.All the functions of judicial power can be exercised by one subject,or by different subjects,or by different subjects separately.Both the unity system and the separation system are in line with the judicial experience.Judicial experience has its scope of application,and is closely related to the specific way of exercising judicial power and the supervision of judicial power.