劳动规章效力认定:合意控制到内容控制的流变

Effect Review of Labor Bylaw:The Flow from Consent Control to Content Control

劳动规章事关企业自治的实现与劳动者权益保障,故其制定与适用对于劳动法治建设至关重要。当下,劳动规章效力在立法规定中存有模糊性,在学理上对其定性存在分歧,反映到司法中即表现为劳动规章效力认定的裁判立场也未达成共识。通过对裁判文书的编码分析,发现劳动规章效力认定中合意程序控制流于形式,在合法性基础上通过内容合理性判断劳动规章效力成为实践共识,具体衍生出严格审查与审查企业内部管理状况两项标准。但审查缺乏对何谓"合理"的充分说理与论证,且未能充分实现立法所强调的企业合意自治、衡平劳资地位关系的意图。

Labor bylaw are crucial to the construction of labor rule of law,which is related to the maintenance of enterprise autonomy and the protection of workers’rights and interests.However,the current validity of labor bylaw is ambiguous in legislation,and there are disputes on its qualitative nature in academic theory,which reflects that the unified judgment position of the determination of the validity of labor bylaw is still to be explored in the judiciary.Through coding analysis of judgment documents,this article finds that the control of consensual procedures in the determination of the validity of labor regulations is just a formality,and that judging the effectiveness of labor regulations through content rationality on the basis of legitimacy has become a consensus in practice,specifically deriving two standards:strict review and review of the internal management status of the enterprise.However,the current review lacks sufficient reasoning and demonstration of what is"reasonable",and fails to fully realize the intention that the legislation emphasizes the democratic management of enterprises,guarantees the collective autonomy,and equalizes the relationship between labor and capital status.