教育能够缓解农村相对贫困吗?——基于农村家庭多维相对贫困的测量和实证分析

Can Education Alleviate Relative Rural Poverty?——Based on the Measurement and Empirical Analysis of Multi-dimensional Relative Poverty of Rural Households

基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),使用收入导向型多维相对贫困测度方法识别农村家庭的贫困状况,构建二元Logistic模型和多重中介效应模型,研究教育对农村家庭多维相对贫困的影响及影响机制。研究发现:多维相对贫困程度越深,教育维度受到剥夺的概率也越大;教育减贫效应显著,越是贫困的群体,教育的减贫效应越大;受教育程度越高,减贫效应越大;金融资本、物质资本、自然资本在教育减贫中发挥中介作用,在极端贫困状态下,社会资本取代自然资本的地位,发挥中介作用;教育的减贫效应随着居民年龄的提升,边际效应递减;相比于东部和中部,教育对西部地区农村居民减贫的影响更大。进入“后扶贫时代”,在充分发挥教育对缓解农村家庭多维相对贫困作用的基础上,应将教育资源向相对贫困的个体、家庭和地区倾斜。

Using the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,this paper uses income-oriented multidimensional relative poverty to identify poverty among rural households.Constructing binary logistic model and multiple mediating effect model,this paper studies the influence of education on multidimensional relative poverty of rural families and its influencing mechanism.Results show that the deeper the multidimensional relative poverty,the greater the probability of being deprived of the educational dimension.The poverty reduction effect exerted by education is significant.The poverty reduction effect of education is greater for the poorer groups.The higher the level of education,the greater the effect of poverty reduction.Financial capital,material capital,and natural capital play an intermediary role in education poverty reduction.In extreme poverty,social capital takes the place of natural capital and plays an intermediary role.The poverty reduction effect of education decreases with the increase of the age of residents.Education has a greater impact on poverty of rural residents in the western region than in the eastern and central regions.Entering the era of post-poverty alleviation,on the basis of giving full play to the role of education in alleviating the multidimensional relative poverty of rural families,educational resources should be tilted to the relatively poor individuals,families and regions.