云南普者黑省级自然保护区鸟类群落多样性

Diversity of bird communities in Yunnan Puzhehei Provincial Nature Reserve

云南普者黑省级自然保护区在中国西南地区的喀斯特地貌中占有重要的地位。保护区是由岩溶和湖泊形成的独特的湿地生态系统,是属于珠江流域的西江水系,生物多样性丰富。为充分了解保护区的鸟类群落多样性,于2018年3月-2019年1月基于样线法在保护区内设置8条样线,共调查4次。本次研究结果表明:在普者黑保护区内共记录鸟类有129种,隶属于18目49科,其中水鸟33种,隶属于7目10科。在调查的物种中,《国家重点保护野生动物名录》Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种,Ⅱ级保护鸟类11种,其中《国家重点保护野生动物名录》Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护鸟类分别占鸟类总种数的0.78%、8.53%;被收录在《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录Ⅱ的有9种;被《中国脊椎动物红色名录》列为受威胁近危(NT)的物种有4种;列为濒危(EN)的物种有1种。保护区内鸟类区系组成主要以东洋种为主;居留的类型中,留鸟和冬候鸟占较大优势,夏候鸟与旅鸟次之。在普者黑各生境中,湿地记录到鸟类37种,农田果园村庄生境记录到鸟类22种,阔叶林记录到鸟类41种、针叶林记录到鸟类16种、灌丛记录到鸟类13种。总体来说,普者黑鸟类多样性丰富,以林鸟为主,其周围种植的大量水果和农作物为鸟类提供了充足的食物。普者黑独特的生态环境也为很多越冬鸟类提供了越冬栖息地,保护区内记录水鸟种类有33种,隶属7目10科;留鸟有15种,越冬水鸟18种,种类丰富,在云南普者黑省级自然保护区居留并形成稳定的种群。因此,对云南普者黑省级自然保护区湿地生境,尤其是湿地水生植物的保护无比重要。

Puzhehei occupies an important position in the karst landforms in southwest of Chian.The reserve is a unique wetland ecosystem formed by karsts and lakes.It belongs to the Pearl River Basin and the Xijiang River System and has rich biodiversity.From March 2018 to January 2019,8 sample lines were set up in the protected area based on the sample line method,and 4 surveys were conducted.The results of this study show that there are 129 species of birds recorded in Puzhehei Nature Reserve,belonging to 18 orders and 49 families,of which 33 species of waterbirds belong to 7 orders and 10 families.Among the species surveyed,there is 1 species of ClassⅠprotected birds in the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals and 11 species of ClassⅡprotected birds.9 species included in AppendixⅡof the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES);listed as threatened(NT)near threatened by the Chinese Vertebrate Red List.There are 4 species of species;1 species are listed as endangered(EN).The composition of the bird flora in the reserve is dominated by Oriental species;in terms of types of residence,resident birds and winter migratory birds are dominant,followed by summer migratory birds and migratory birds.Among the habitats in Puzhehei,37 species of birds were recorded in wetlands,22 species were recorded in farmland orchard village habitats,41 species of birds were recorded in broad-leaved forest observations,16 species were recorded in coniferous forests,and 13 kinds were recorded in shrub observations.Generally speaking,Puzhehei has a rich diversity of birds,especially forest birds.The large amount of fruits and farming planted around them attract many birds to eat.Puzhehei’s unique ecological environment provides a wintering habitat for many wintering birds.There are 33 species of waterbirds recorded in the reserve,belonging to 7 orders and 10 families;15 species of resident birds,18 species of overwintering waterbirds,and rich species.Zhehei provincial-level nature reserve resides and forms a stable population.Therefore,the protection of wetland habitats in Yunnan Puzhehei Provincial Nature Reserve,especially wetland aquatic plants is extremely important.