稻-渔生境优化改造与种养试验效果分析

Optimization of Rice-Fishing Habitat and Effect Analysis of Planting and Breeding Experiments

探讨了稻田养殖田间工程改造模式,优化稻-渔生境,筛选验证适宜的稻田养殖品种,挖掘稻田种养生产潜力。在广西玉林地区稻-渔综合种养试验点开展环形沟、“丰”字沟、池-田适时耦合3种不同改造类型的稻田综合种养试验,主养罗非鱼、瓯江彩鲤和泥鳅,种植杂交水稻“丰田优553”,进行养殖鱼类产量、产品规格、成活率和水稻产量等产出效果指标测定分析。结果表明:通过田间工程单元化集约化整合改造和稻-渔环境优化升级,沟涵对稻田的比例控制在10%,养殖水体容量较常规类型增加约50%,同时满足了稻-渔共作各自的环境需求;在稳定水稻产量的同时,养殖罗非鱼、瓯江彩鲤和泥鳅的平均产量分别达488.5、351.0和330.2 kg/667 m^(2),成活率分别达92.1%、91.7%和86.9%,较环型沟、“丰”字沟类型稻田极显著地提高(P<0.01);产品规格分别为663、638和19 g,在正常生产周期内普遍达到商品鱼上市规格。研究优选出一套水产养殖与水稻种植技术高度融合的稻-渔综合种养技术模式。

The field engineering modification model of rice-fish farming was discussed,and the rice-fishing habitat was optimized,the suitable varieties of rice-fish farming were screened and verified,and the production potential of rice-fish farming was explored.At the rice-fishing comprehensive planting and breeding test site in Yulin,Guangxi,a comprehensive planting experiment of three different types of rice fields,including ring-shaped ditch,“feng”ditch and pond-field coupling,was carried out.Tilapia,Cyprinus carpio var.color and loach were bred,and the hybrid rice“Feng Tian You 553”was planted.The output effect indicators such as farmed fish output,product specifications,survival rate and rice output were measured and analyzed.The results showed that through the unitization and intensive integration of field engineering and the optimization and upgrading of the rice-fishing environment,the proportion of ditch culverts in the rice field was controlled at 10%,and the water capacity for aquaculture was increased by about 50%compared with the conventional type,which met the respective environmental needs of rice-fishing co-cultivation simultaneously.While stabilizing rice production,the average output per 667 m^(2) of farmed tilapia,Cyprinus carpio var.color and loach reached 488.5 kg,351.0 kg and 330.2 kg,respectively,and the survival rate reached 92.1%,91.7%and 86.9%,respectively.The ring-shaped ditch and“feng”ditch type rice fields have greatly improved(P<0.01).The product specifications were 663 g,638 g and 19 g,respectively,which generally reached the commercial fish market specifications during the normal production cycle.The research has optimized a set of integrated rice-fishing and rice-fishing technology models that are highly integrated with aquaculture and rice planting technologies.