新型冠状病毒疫苗的研发策略及进展

Development strategy and research progress of the novel coronavirus vaccine

目的介绍不同类型的新型冠状病毒疫苗的研发策略以及研究进展。方法以国内外40多篇相关文献和报道为依据,对其进行分类与综合。结果新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)具有传播速度快、感染率高等特点,接种疫苗可以有效地阻止疫情传播。目前国内外展开研发的COVID-19疫苗主要包括病毒疫苗、核酸疫苗、病毒载体疫苗以及蛋白质疫苗。本文就COVID-19疫苗的类型、特点以及研究进展等进行阐述。结论虽然部分COVID-19疫苗已经进行到临床实验阶段,并取得显著成效,但针对疫苗免疫原性弱、难以诱导粘膜免疫应答等问题,仍需要进一步去克服。

Objective To introduce development strategies and research progress of different types of novel coronavirus vaccines.Methods Based on more than 40 related literatures,the literatures were classified,synthesized and quoted.Results Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)has the characteristics of fast transmission and high infection rate.The most effective means to stop the spread of the epidemic is to vaccinate effective vaccines.At present,COVID-19 vaccines developed at home and abroad mainly include virus vaccine,nucleic acid vaccine,viral-vector vaccine and protein vaccine.In this paper,the types,characteristics and research progress of COVID-19 vaccines were reviewed.Conclusions Although some of the novel coronavirus vaccines have been carried out in cl inical trials and achieve remarkable results,the problems such as weak immunogenicity and being difficult to induce mucosal immune response of vaccines still need to be further overcome.