考虑CSR投入闭环供应链的制造商回收伙伴选择及协调

The recycling partner selection for manufacturer and coordination of closed-loop supply chain considering CSR investment

本文研究了闭环供应链成员考虑社会责任(CSR)投入时制造商的回收伙伴选择及协调问题。基于集中与分散两种决策模式下,分别构建了制造商独立回收、制造商联合零售商回收以及制造商整合第三方回收时的利润决策模型;分析了不同回收策略下,制造商与零售商的CSR投入以及回收渠道竞争对闭环供应链定价决策及整体绩效的影响;然后以集中式下的决策水平为基准,建立了基于"收益共享-成本共担"协调机制的契约。研究结果表明:1)同制造商独立回收时的情形相比较,制造商与零售商(或第三方)间存在适当的回收竞争有利于降低新产品零售价格,扩大市场需求,增强废旧产品回收效果,同时也有利于改善供应链成员及系统整体的绩效。2)当成员间的回收竞争程度较低时,制造商选择联合零售商回收时的策略最优;反之,则在制造商选择独立回收时的策略最优。3)无论制造商选择何种回收策略,在制造商、零售商以及第三方愿意接受的契约参数范围内,"收益共享-成本共担"契约均可以有效地实现闭环供应链的协调。

In recent years,with the rapid development of the global economy and the continuous progress of science and technology,the upgrading of household appliances and electronic products has been accelerated;a large number of waste products are produced,resulting in serious environmental pollution and waste of resources,which directly restricts the sustainable development of China’s economy.How to realize the harmonious development of economic benefits,environment and society has gradually become the focus of attention of the government and enterprises.So,the Chinese government has put forward clear requirements for enterprises to fulfill their social responsibility(CSR),that is,while maximizing their own economic benefits,enterprises should also assume corresponding responsibilities to society,environment and other stakeholders.In 2018,according to the report on China’s corporate social responsibility issued by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,since 2009,the number of reports of CSR performance by Chinese enterprises has been growing at a rate of 20%every year.It is not hard to see that actively performing CSR behavior has gradually become the"production compliance"for enterprises to support their sustainable development.Due to the multiple pressures of economic benefits,ecological environment and government supervision,the traditional supply chain operation mode cannot satisfy the development requirements of enterprises,closed-loop supply chain management has gradually become an important development strategy for enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.It can not only reduce environmental pollution in production activities,but also save resources and reduce energy consumption and production costs,so as to realize the harmonious development of economy and environment.For example,traditional manufacturing enterprises,such as IBM and Haier,not only carry out raw material procurement,product production and sales activities through the forward supply chain,but also recycle and remanufacture waste products by establishing recycling production bases or selecting recycling partners,which not only bring lasting benefits to the enterprise,but also effectively fulfill the corporate social responsibility.Relevant practice results also show that,those enterprises who actively undertake CSR behavior can effectively enhance their competitiveness in the market,thus gaining greater social value.Therefore,this paper holds that it is of theoretical and practical significance to study the pricing decision and recycling choice of Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering Corporate Social responsibility.In summary,under the assumption that the member enterprises of closed-loop supply chain have CSR investment,this paper studies the manufacturers’recycling selection strategy and coordination problem,the closed-loop supply chain profit decision-making models of manufacturer independent recycling,manufacturer combined retailer recycling and manufacturer integrated third-party recycling are constructed respectively.Then,based on the decision-making level under the centralized model,the contract based on the coordination mechanism of"revenue-cost sharing"was established.By comparing and analyzing the equilibrium results under different recycling strategies of manufacturer,the main conclusions are as follows:1)no matter what recycling strategy the manufacturer chooses,enhancement of CSR investment cost coefficient of member enterprises is unfavorable to maximizing the profits of each member enterprise and the whole system in closed-loop supply chain,the increase of consumers’sensitivity to CSR investment level is favorable to maximizing the profits of closed-loop supply chain members and the whole system.2)Compared with manufacturer’s independent recycling,appropriate recycling competition between manufacturer and retailer(or third party)is favorable to reduce the retail price of new products,expand the market demand,enhance the recycling effect of waste products,and improve the performance of closed-loop supply chain members and the whole system.3)When the level of recycling competition is low,compared with manufacturer’s independent recycling,the strategy of manufacturer combined retailer recycling is the best;when the level of recycling competition is high,the strategy of manufacturer independent recycling is the best.4)No matter what recycling strategy manufacturers choose,within the scope of contract parameters that manufacturer、retailer and the third party are willing to accept,the"revenue sharing-cost sharing"contract can effectively achieve the coordination of CLSC.This paper focuses on the selection of recycling partners for manufacturer when member enterprises have CSR investment,which provides a theoretical reference for the selection of recycling strategies for waste products in closed-loop supply chain.Next,we will further study the pricing decision and coordination of the closed-loop supply chain with multiple manufacturers or retailers competing when the member enterprises in the supply chain considering CSR investment.