冰点以下多孔介质中气体水合物的生成动力学研究进展

Research progress on formation kinetics of gas hydrate in porous media below freezing point

青藏高原冻土区储存着大量的天然气水合物资源,CO_(2)置换开采冻土区的天然气水合物可实现天然气水合物的安全开采和温室气体CO_(2)的地层封存。冰点以下多孔介质中气体水合物的生成动力学,是冻土区天然气水合物置换开采研究领域的难点和热点问题。本文全面综述了冰点以下多孔介质中气体水合物的生成动力学研究进展,讨论了不同体系冰点以下多孔介质中气体水合物的形成机理及其生成特性;详述了冰生成水合物机理及其冰粉/多孔介质体系中气体水合物的生成特性,分析了冰点以下多孔介质中气体水合物生成动力学研究尚待完善和改进的地方。最后本文指出冰点以下多孔介质中水合物的生成过程是由传热、传质等多种因素所控制,揭示不同过程的主导因素及其影响规律是今后研究的重点方向。目前对冰点以下多孔介质中水合物的生成特性及机理的认识尚未成熟,仍需深入研究。

There are a lot of natural gas hydrate resources in the permafrost area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The safe exploitation of natural gas hydrate and the formation storage of greenhouse gas CO_(2)can be realized by the CO_(2)replacement mining of natural gas hydrate in permafrost area.The formation kinetics of gas hydrate in porous media below the freezing point is a difficult and hot issue in the research field of gas hydrate replacement and exploitation in frozen soil regions.In this paper,the research progress on the formation kinetics of gas hydrate in porous media below freezing point is comprehensively reviewed, and the formation mechanism and characteristics of gas hydrate in porous media below freezingpoint in different systems are discussed. In addition, the mechanism of ice hydrate formation and theformation characteristics of gas hydrate in the ice powder/porous media system are described in detail,and analyzed the area that need to be perfected and improved in the research on the kinetics of gashydrate formation in porous media below freezing point. Finally, it is pointed out that the formationprocess of hydrate in porous media below freezing point is controlled by various factors such as heattransfer and mass transfer, and revealing the dominant factors and influence laws of different processes isthe focus of future research. At present, the understanding of the formation characteristics and mechanismof hydrates in porous media below the freezing point is not yet mature, and in-depth research is stillneeded.