凉攀区植烟土壤酚酸类物质的含量分布和变异特征

Content Distributions and Variations of Phenolic Acids in Tobacco-planting Soils of Liangpan Region,Sichuan Province

以四川凉攀区植烟土壤为研究对象,研究了不同海拔高度、土壤类型、植烟年限和前茬作物下植烟土壤酚酸类物质的含量分布和变异特征。结果表明:①植烟过程显著增加了土壤酚酸类物质的累积,变异系数均超过了50%,单类酚酸物质中以对羟基苯甲酸的含量最高(66.18μg/g);②除阿魏酸、肉桂酸外,1600~2000 m海拔高度的植烟土壤中酚酸类物质含量高于1200~1600 m海拔高度;海拔高度超过2000 m后,土壤酚酸类物质(除水溶性酚外)的含量反而下降。③植烟水稻土酚酸类物质含量高于紫色土和红壤;对同一土壤不同区域而言,仁和区红壤的总酚和复合态酚平均含量和变异系数均明显高于盐源县,平均含量增幅分别为10.23%和20.51%。④植烟土壤酚酸类物质含量明显高于非植烟土壤,除土壤水溶性酚以及会东县土壤的苯甲酸、肉桂酸平均含量的最大值均在植烟年限为1~3 a的土壤外,该烟区土壤的酚酸类物质含量随植烟年限的增加呈增加趋势。⑤前茬未种植作物时(即冬闲),植烟土壤酚酸类物质含量较高,促进了酚酸类物质的累积;光叶紫花苕为前茬作物时,对植烟土壤酚酸类物质有一定的消解作用,降低了土壤中酚酸类物质的累积,尤其对总酚、复合态酚和对羟基苯甲酸的消减作用最为明显。总体上,海拔高度较低、种植年限较短、前茬作物为光叶紫花苕的红壤中酚酸类物质含量较低,因此在凉攀区,在红壤中种植光叶紫花苕这类绿肥可以消减植烟土壤酚酸类物质的累积。

In this paper,the content distributions and variations of phenolic acids in tobacco-planting soils with different altitudes,planting years,soil types and preceding crops in Liangpan region in Sichuan Province were studied.The results showed that tobacco-planting significantly increased the contents of soil phnolic acids with the variation coefficients all high than 50%,and the content of hydroxybenzoic acid was the highest(66.18μg/g)among all monomer phenolic acids.The contents of phenolic acids(except ferulic acid and cinnamic acid)in tobacco-planting soil at the altitude of 1600–2000 m were higher than those of 1200–1600 m.However,the contents of phenolic acids in tobacco-planting soils were reduced(except for water soluble phenolic)when the altitude was over 2000 m.The average content of phenolic acids in paddy soil was higher than those in purple soil and red soil.The average contents and variable coefficients of total and compound phenols in red soil in Renhe District were significantly higher than those in Yanyuan County,10.23%and 20.51%higher,respectively.The average contents of phenolic acids were significantly higher in tobacco-planting soils than non-tobacco-planting soils,and the contents of phnolic acids increased with tobacco-planting years(with few exceptions including water soluble phenolic,benzoic acid(Huidong County)and cinnamic acid(Huidong County)).The average content of phenolic acids was higher in tobacco-planting soils without preceding crop(i.e.,winter fallow),which promoted the accumulation of phenolic acids in soils.However,vicia villosa as preceding crop consumed phenolic acids and therefore reduced the accumulation of phenolic acids in tobacco-planting soil,especially for the total phenols,compound phenols and hydroxybenzoic acid.Overall,red soil at lower altitude with shorter planting years and vicia villosa as preceding crop could result in lower contents of phenolic acids,therefore,tobacco should be planted in red soils with vicia villosa as preceding crop in Liangpan region.