能源环境用富氮共轭微孔聚合物材料研究进展

Research Progress in Preparation of Nitrogen-Rich Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Energy and Environmental Applications

共轭微孔聚合物(conjugated microporous polymers,CMPs)是一类由刚性芳香结构单元组成、自具微孔结构、具有三维网络骨架的有机多孔材料,具有稳定的多孔性和半导体特征,在电化学和热能存储、氢能转化、CO_(2)捕获和存储、污染物吸附和分离纯化等能源环境领域有着重要应用。其中,富氮共轭微孔聚合物因富含极性氮原子,具有强吸附位点和富电子结构,拥有独特的氧化还原电化学活性和一定的润湿性,显现出独特的应用优势。系统概述了富氮共轭微孔聚合物的制备及其在能源环境领域的应用研究进展,分析了各种制备方法的优缺点以及在应用方面存在的主要问题,并指出了富氮共轭微孔聚合物材料未来的发展方向——开发绿色、廉价的合成新方法以及相关高性能膜或块体材料的制备新路径等。

Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)are a class of porous polymers with three-dimensional network skeleton and microporous structure,which consist of rigid aromatic structural units.Owing to their characteristics of stable porosity and semiconductor,they have shown significant potentials in the applications of energy and environmental areas such as electrochemical and thermal energy storage,hydrogen energy conversion,the capture and storage of CO_(2) and the adsorption,separation and purification of pollutants.Among these CMPs,nitrogen-rich conjugated microporous polymers(NCMPs)possess extra adsorption active sites and electrons and therefore show the unique redox electrochemical activity and wettability because of their plentiful polar N atoms,endowing NCMPs with excellent performance in energy and environmental applications.In this review,the research progress in preparation of NCMPs for energy and environmental applications is summarized.The merits and demerits of these preparation methods are analyzed.The main problems existing in the preparation methods and their applications are summarized.The future development directions including developing new,green and cost-efficient synthetic method and new routes of high-performance membrane and bulk materials of NCMPs are finally proposed.