高速公路路径标识站选址优化模型与算法研究

Study on Model and Algorithm of Optimal Location of Expressway Path Identification Station

为了解决车辆多义性路径问题,高速公路路网中常设置标识站来精确获取车辆路径信息。在实际高速公路网中,要么在路网中所有环路段上布设标识站,造成资源浪费现象,或者布设的标识站不足,直接采用最短路的方式拆分通行费用,造成费用拆分不合理现象。因此对高速公路路网中多义性路径标识站的选址优化问题开展研究,在解决多义性路径基础上,实现标识站建设费用最小。为了研究高速公路标识站选址优化问题,以高速公路路网为基础,采用基于生成树-蚁群算法对标识站选址布局问题进行优化分析。首先,根据图论中生成树理论,确定出标识站的最少布设数量与多种选址布局方案。其次,建立了以高速公路标识站所在路段车流量最小且该路段里程最长的多目标多义性路径标识站选址优化模型,并设计了基于蚁群算法的大型高速公路路网多义性路径标识站选址优化算法的求解步骤。最后,通过算例分析,以3组不同权重值分析对比验证该模型的适用性。结果表明该模型可以用来解决高速公路标识站选址优化问题,并且能有效实现高速公路多义性路径标识站的最优选址布局。

In order to solve the problem of vehicle ambiguous path,identification stations are often set up in expressway network to accurately obtain vehicle path information.In the actual expressway network,either sign stations are deployed on all loop sections in the road network,which causes a waste of resources,or there are insufficient sign stations,and the shortest path is used to split the tolls directly,resulting in unreasonable cost splitting phenomenon.Therefore,the location optimization problem of ambiguous path identification stations in expressway network is studied,and the minimum construction cost of identification stations is realized based on solving the ambiguous path.In order to study the optimization of the location of identification station on expressway,based on the expressway network,the location and layout of the identification station is optimized by using spanning tree based ant colony algorithm.First,according to the spanning tree theory in graph theory,the minimum number of identification stations and a variety of location layout schemes are determined.Second,a multi-objective ambiguous path identification station location optimization model with the minimum traffic volume and the longest mileage of the section where the expressway identification station is located is established,and the solution steps of the optimization algorithm for large-scale expressway network ambiguous path identification station location are designed.Finally,the applicability of the model is verified by the analysis and comparison of 3 groups of weight values through case study.The result shows that the model can be used to solve the optimization of expressway identification station location,and can effectively realize the most optimal location layout of expressway ambiguous path identification station.