润滑油添加剂纳米铜的制备和性能研究进展

Progress of Study on Fabrication and Performance of Nano-copper Used as Additive for Lubricating Oil

纳米铜可用作添加剂,加入润滑油中能显著改善其抗磨减摩性能,因此,用作润滑油添加剂的纳米铜的制备和性能在国内外得到了广泛关注和研究。用作润滑油添加剂的纳米铜的制备方法有固相法、液相法和气相法。纳米铜改善润滑油性能的机制有吸附、渗透、摩擦反应成膜、自修复和填充作用及滚珠作用。纳米铜在润滑油中的分散对润滑油性能的改善极为重要,分散纳米铜的方法有物理法和化学法,前者主要为超声波法和机械分散法,常用的分散剂有表面活性剂、无机电解质及聚合物。为使纳米铜能长期稳定地分散在润滑油中而不团聚,需对其进行表面改性,包括物理改性和化学改性,前者包括表面活性剂法和表面沉积法,后者主要有偶联剂法、聚合物包覆法和机械化学分散法。今后要解决的难题是使纳米铜能长期稳定地分散在润滑油中。

Nano-copper may be used as an additive,and wear-resistant and antifriction performances of lubrication oil can be significantly improved by its addition.For this reason,the fabrication and performance of the nano-copper as additive for lubricating oil have been widely concerned and investigated at home and abroad.The methodes of fabricating nano-copper used as addtive for lubricating oil are solid phase,liquid phase and gas phase processes.The mechanisms w hereby the performance of lubricating oil are improved by addition of nano-copper include adsorbing,infiltration,formation of film by friction action,self-repairing and filling actions,and boll action.The dispersion of nano-copper in lubricating oil is extremely important for improv ement in performance of lubricating oil,and the methodes of dispersing nano-copper involve physical and chemical processes,the former is predominantly ultrasonic process and mechanical dispersion,and commonly used dispersing agents includ surfactant,inoganic electrolyte and polymer.To make the nano-copper disperse stably in lubricating oil for a long time and not agglomerate,it is necessery that its surface modification is done,including physical modification and chemical modification,the former are surfactant method,and surface deposition method,the latter are mainly coupling agent method,polymer coating method and mechanical chemical dispersion method.From now on,the difficut problem to be solved is that nano-copper may be stably dispersed in lubricating oil for a long time.