清末“海权”概念考释

On The Concept Of“Sea Power”In The Late Qing Dynasty

清末“海权”概念传入中国,其最初意指海上权力,即海洋空间的政治强制力。1900年,马汉的“海权论”被译成中文发表,但并未立刻引起社会各界的广泛关注。之后,经过1904年日俄海战、中德在山东洋面的渔利之争,“海权”概念逐渐由知识界、翻译界走向社会舆论,其含义也由“海上权力”扩展到“海洋主权”“海洋权利”。在1907年开始的清政府与葡萄牙关于澳门水界的争端中,领海权引发国人关注,而海权的含义则进一步泛化。

when the concept of“sea power”was introduced into China in the late Qing Dynasty,it initially meant sea power,that is,the political force of ocean space.In 1900,Mahan’s“theory of sea power”was translated into Chinese and published,which did not immediately attract widespread attention.After the Japanese Russian sea war in 1904 and the dispute between China and Germany over the Shandong sea,the meaning of“sea power”has gradually changed from“sea power”to“Sea sovereignty”and“sea rights”from the intelligentsia and the translation circles to the public opinion.In the dispute between the Qing government and Portugal about Macao’s water boundary which started in 1907,the territorial sea power aroused people’s attention,and the meaning of sea power was further generalized.