大数据造成了新的市场垄断吗?——国内外的理论及其对中国平台型企业反垄断的启示

Does Big Data Create New Market Monopolies? Theories andpractice and their implications for anti-monopoly in China

大数据已经成为企业获取和保持竞争优势的重要因素,随着互联网经济的蓬勃发展,平台型企业利用大数据进一步强化了其垄断地位,引发了广泛的反垄断讨论。现有争论主要集中在平台型企业利用大数据及其垄断协议是否增强了垄断势力,嵌入大数据战略是否强化了网络效应以及数据驱动的兼并和收购是否导致经营者集中。通过总结美国和欧盟等发达经济体的实践经验,本文为中国平台型企业的反垄断规制提供借鉴,以促进中国数字经济的高质量发展。在平台型企业反垄断规制的实践中,应当将反垄断规制与消费者权益保护结合起来,规制过程应张弛有度、动态调整,执法过程中应鼓励跨领域、跨学科的交流与合作,同时推动大数据平台与监管平台有效对接。

Big data has become an important factor for enterprises to obtain and maintain competitive advantages.With the vigorous development of Internet economy,platform economy has formed a certain monopoly position by using big data,which has triggered a wide range of anti-monopoly discussions.The existing controversies focus on whether the use of big data and monopoly agreements by platform enterprises has enhanced the monopoly power,whether the embedded big data strategy has strengthened the network effect,and whether it has led to the concentration of operators through mergers,etc.Summarizing the practical experience of developed economies such as the United States and the European Union can provide reference for China’s platform anti-monopoly regulation and improve the innovation ability and international competitiveness of China’s platform economy.In the practice of anti-monopoly regulation of big data platforms,attention should be paid to the combination of regulation and consumer protection,the regulation process should be dynamic,cross-field and interdisciplinary communication and cooperation should be encouraged in the law enforcement process,and the effective connection between big data platforms and regulatory platforms should be promoted.