土地所有权与农业规模经营之关系考——以定县为例(1931—2010)

On the relationship between land ownership and agricultural scale management——A Case Study of Ding County(1931—2010)

一种观点认为,中国农村唯有实行土地私有,保证农民对土地的所有权,实现土地的自由流转和农业规模经营,才能进而解决农村问题。然而,从百余年来定县土地分配的演变来看,并未出现这种效果。土地集中起来不易,却会因种种原因随时都会出现分散化。实行家庭联产承包责任制后,土地转包逐年增加,但速度很慢,数额也很小。希图通过土地私有,进而实现土地自由流转,逐步集中达到规模经营的途径在一段时间内还很难实现。究其根本原因还在于人多地少的基本国情。实践证明,土地所有权、土地流转与规模经营并不存在必然的关系。

Some people believed that the only way to solve rural problems in China is to implement private ownership of land,ensure farmers’ownership of land,and realize the free circulation of land and the large-scale agricultural management.However,through the evolution of land distribution in Ding County for more than a hundred years,this effect did not appear.Land concentration was not easy,but the concentrated land would be decentralized at any time for various reasons.After the household contract responsibility system was established,land subcontracting had increased year by year,but its speed was very slow and its amount was very small.It was difficult to realize the way of realizing the free circulation of land and gradually concentrating on large-scale operation through private ownership of land for a period of time.Its fundamental reason lies in the basic national conditions of a large population with relatively little arable land.There is no inevitable relationship between land ownership and land circulation and scale management.