贸易上游度与西部地区出口产品质量

Trade Upstream Degree and Western Region Export Product Quality

随着国际贸易形势的严峻,我国经济贸易面临国内外双重困境,如何实现西部地区崛起成为我国实现新一轮对外贸易发展的重要途径。而实现出口产品质量升级是促使我国经济高质量发展、提升国际竞争力、规避全球价值链“低端锁定”的关键。基于此,本文从贸易上游度视角,运用2002、2007和2012年中国地区投入产出表、中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库,研究西部地区行业在全球价值链中分工位置的变化对出口产品质量的影响。实证结果表明:首先,西部地区贸易上游度正向影响出口产品质量,贸易上游度每提高一个单位,出口产品质量提高6.8%。为了避免可能存在的内生性问题,进一步聚类到行业层面进行回归,结果依然稳健。其次,对基准回归结果进行稳健性检验,由分位数回归可知贸易上游度的正向效应在考察期内整体处于上升趋势。而在分样本回归中,相较于西北地区,西南地区贸易上游度对出口产品质量的正向效应更大,同时,相比低技术行业,中高技术行业贸易上游度对产品质量推动作用更加明显。最后,构建中介模型检验得知,贸易上游度通过提高技术水平和劳动生产率,促进西部地区出口产品质量升级。鼓励行业技术水平、人力资本水平提高,促进地区协调发展,是实现西部地区崛起的有效途径。

With the severe international trade situation,my country's economy and trade are facing dual difficulties at home and abroad.How to realize the rise of the western region has become an important way for my country to realize a new round of foreign trade development.Realizing the quality upgrade of export products is the key to promoting the high-quality development of my country's economy,enhancing international competitiveness,and avoiding the"low-end lock-in"of the global value chain.Based on this,this article uses the input-output tables of China in 2002,2007 and 2012,the database of Chinese industrial enterprises,and the customs database to study the effects of changes in the division of labor positions of industries in the western region in the global value chain on the quality of export products from the perspective of the upstream degree of trade.Influence.The empirical results show that:First,the upstream degree of trade in the western region positively affects the quality of export products.For every unit increase in the upstream degree of trade,the quality of export products will increase by 6.8%.In order to avoid possible endogenous problems,further clustering to the industry level for regression,the results are still stable.Secondly,the robustness test of the benchmark regression results shows that the positive effect of the upstream degree of trade is on an upward trend during the inspection period from the quantile regression.In the sub-sample regression,compared with the northwest region,the upstream degree of trade in the southwest region has a greater positive effect on the quality of export products.At the same time,compared with the low-tech industries,the upstream degree of trade in the medium and high-tech industries has a more obvious promotion effect on product quality.Finally,the establishment of an intermediary model test shows that the upstream degree of trade promotes the upgrading of the quality of export products in the western region by improving the technical level and labor productivity.Encouraging the improvement of the technical level of the industry and the level of human capital,and promoting the coordinated development of the region,is an effective way to realize the rise of the western region.