闹羊花的本草考证及炮制历史沿革分析

Herbal Textual Research and Processing Historical Evolution of Rhododendri Mollis Flos

笔者拟通过收集与整理历代本草、医籍、方书,结合现代文献资料,对闹羊花的名称、基原、产地、采收时间、入药部位、毒性、功能主治进行系统考证,并对其古今炮制方法进行梳理与分析,以期为闹羊花的临床应用、炮制规范及基础研究提供参考。经考证可知,闹羊花基原为杜鹃花科植物羊踯躅Rhododendron molle的干燥花,在各历史时期出现的别名、俗称较多,存在同名异物、同物异名的现象。该药材多野生,少量种植,采收时间多为三、四月,采收花期有初开、盛开、开泛等不同描述。闹羊花在《神农本草经》中未言其入药部位,后有花、果、根入药,其中花是其主要入药部位。闹羊花炮制历史悠久,古代有炒、醋炒、酒炒、蒸等炮制方法,现今临床仅用其生品,极少量现代著作保留了炒、酒蒸炮制方法,认为炮制可降低毒性。

In this paper,through the collection and collation of ancient materia medica,medical books and medical formulary,combining with modern literature,the historical changes of the name,origin,position,harvesting time, medicinal parts, toxicity, functions and indications, processing methods of Rhododendri Mollis Flos(RMF)were systematically combed and verified,so as to provide reference for clinical application,processing standard and basic research of RMF. According to textual research,RMF is the dried flower of Rhododendron molle. In each historical period,there are many aliases and local names,being with phenomenon of homonyms and synonyms. RMF is mostly wild and planted in a small amount,harvesting time is mostly in March to April. However,the harvesting flowering period is differently described as initial bloom,full bloom and extensive bloom. RMF was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing(《神农本草经》),but it did not mention its medicinal parts. Then the flowers,fruits,roots are be used as medicine,but flowers are still the main medicinal parts. RMF had a long processing history,included fried,vinegar-fried,wine-fried,steamed,winesteamed,vinegar-steamed,and many other processing methods in ancient times. However,at present,only raw products are used in clinical practice,and only a few modern books retain the methods of stir-fried and winesteamed,believing that the processing can reduce toxicity of RMF.