职业教育服务乡村振兴政策的历史流变与时代趋向

The Historical Change and Trend of the Times of the Policy of Vocational Education Serving Rural Revitalization

政策的历史流变反映着所在领域社会结构和组织形态的变迁,政策研究的主要任务是理解政策如何流变,进而改善政策制定过程。中国共产党成立以来,职业教育服务乡村振兴政策历经了“乡村社会革命”的初始期、“乡村社会改造”的生长期、“乡村社会改革”的成熟期、“乡村社会转型”的规范期、“新农村建设”的完善期、“美丽宜居乡村建设”的创新期等六个流变阶段,遵循着政策目标定位从“培养农业建设干部”到“培育高素质乡村振兴人才”、政策价值取向从“注重效率优先”到“追求公平而有质量”、政策过程保障从“依靠权威政策工具”到“强调激励政策工具”、政策环境依赖从“战争破坏的乡村情境”到“乡土逃离的乡村图像”的流变逻辑。在新的时代背景下,我国职业教育服务乡村振兴的政策目标将重点偏向职业教育服务质量、政策内容将深度聚焦职业教育人才供给、政策行动将更加细化职业教育服务边界、政策保障将精准走向职业教育协同共治。

The historical changes in policies reflect the changes in the social structure and organizational form of the field.The main task of policy research is to understand how the policies change,and then improve the policy-making process.Since the founding of the Communist Party of China,the policy of vocational education for rural revitalization has gone through the initial period of“rural social revolution”,the growth period of“rural social transformation”,the mature period of“rural social reform”,the normative period of“rural social transformation”,Six stages of evolution,including the perfect period of“New Countryside Construction”and the innovation period of“Beautiful and Livable Countryside Construction”.Follow the policy goal orientation from“cultivating agricultural construction cadres”to“cultivating high-quality rural revitalization talents”,policy value orientation from“focusing on efficiency first”to“pursuing fairness and quality”,and policy process guarantee from“relying on authoritative policy tools”to“emphasize incentive policy tools”,the policy environment relies on the logic of flow from“rural situations destroyed by war”to“rural images of rural escape”.Under the background of the new era,the policy objectives of my country’s vocational education service for rural revitalization will focus on the quality of vocational education services,policy content will focus on the supply of vocational education talents,policy actions will more refine the boundaries of vocational education services,and policy guarantees will be targeted co-governance of vocational education.