血管性认知损害的病理生理学机制

Pathophysiological mechanism of vascular cognitive impairment

血管性认知损害(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)是由脑血管病或血管危险因素引起的进展性认知功能缺损,是仅次于阿尔茨海默病的第二大认知损害类型。VCI可由多种信号通路和代谢途径引起,其核心是脑血管病变对神经元、神经胶质细胞和脑血管内皮细胞共同构成的神经血管单元造成破坏。文章对目前已知的VCI机制进行归纳和讨论,以期加深对VCI分子病理学过程的了解,为其预防和治疗提供思路。

Vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)is a progressive cognitive impairment caused by cerebrovascular disease or vascular risk factors.It is the second common type of cognitive impairment after Alzheimer's disease.VCI can be caused by a variety of signal and metabolic pathways.Its core mechanism is that cerebrovascular disease destroys the neurovascular unit composed of neurons,glial cells,and cerebrovascular endothelial cells.This article summarizes and discusses the known mechanisms of VCI,in order to deepen the understanding of the molecular pathological process of VCI and provide ideas for its prevention and treatment.