图书馆数字化时代读者个人信息刑法保护的限度

The Limit of the Criminal Law Protection of Library Readers’ Personal Information in Digital Era

图书馆数字化建设为读者带来高效的阅读体验,也带来读者个人信息安全的风险,需要刑法介入以保护法益和规避风险。然而,当前刑法规制存在早期化和扩大化趋势,有必要运用教义学方法论甄别刑法规制侵犯读者个人信息行为的边界以避免扩张处罚。首先,坚守利益平衡观,将保护读者权益和促进信息流通作为刑法规制读者信息应遵循的基本原则;其次,采用领域理论,依私密性程度不同,将不同类型的读者个人信息依次归入最外层的社会领域、中间层的私人领域、核心层的隐私领域,刑法的保护程度也随私密性程度增加而递增;最后,采用实质解释论,将"违反国家有关规定"解释为入罪的构成要件要素,将实质法益侵害性和不法目的性解释为"提供"或"出售"读者个人信息行为入罪的必备要件。

Digital construction of library provides readers with efficient reading experience, but it also brings the risk of personal information security, so it is necessary to introduce penal laws to protect the legal interests and avoid risks.But the current punishment system has the trends of early punishment and over-punishment, it is necessary to use teaching methodology to violate the boundary of readers’ personal information behavior to avoid expanding punishment.First of all, the concept of balancing interests should be adhered to, and the protection of readers’ rights and interests as well as the promotion of information circulation should be regarded as the basic principle that should be followed in protection of readers’ information in criminal laws and regulations.Secondly, using field theory, according to the degree of privacy, different types of readers’ personal information are classified into the outermost social field, middle private field and core privacy field.The degree of protection of criminal law also increases with the degree of privacy.Finally, the substantive interpretation theory is adopted to interpret the "violation of the relevant state provisions" as the essential elements of the crime, and interpret the substantive legal benefit infringement and illegal purpose as the essential elements of the crime of "providing" or "selling" the readers’ personal information behavior.