重释契诃夫《伊凡诺夫》在戏剧史上的价值

Reinterpreting the Value of Chekhov’s Ivanov in the History of Drama

契诃夫写于1887年的剧本《伊凡诺夫》是一部价值被严重低估的剧本。对于俄罗斯戏剧史而言,《伊凡诺夫》呈现了契诃夫个人思想的重要蜕变,他通过伊凡诺夫的自杀,力求对俄罗斯文学史上的"多余的人"的传统进行一次彻底的清算,并厘清自己与自由派以及托尔斯泰主义之间的关系,重新找到人生的信仰和艺术何为的答案。从戏剧观念而言,这个剧本的创作是契诃夫有意识地对西方古典主义戏剧的一次模仿和终结。这部天才之作实现了作家个人从传统西方古典戏剧向现代戏剧的转变,正是因为这个转变使契诃夫的戏剧不同于莱蒙托夫、果戈理和托尔斯泰所遵循的欧洲古典戏剧范式,对于我们研究契诃夫的现代戏剧思想和创作技法的转型具有重要的价值。

Ivanov, the play written by Chekhov in 1887, is seriously underestimated in the history of Russian drama.This play represents an important change in Chekhov’ s conception of drama. Through Ivanov’ s suicide, Chekhov tries to carry out a thorough liquidation of the tradition of " superfluous man" in the history of Russian literature, and to identify his relationship to liberals and Tolstoyism, so as to find the answer to the belief in life and what art is.In terms of drama thought, the play is not only Chekhov’ s consciously successful imitation of Western classical drama, but also a complete farewell. This work of genius reflects Chekhov’s transformation from the traditional western classical drama to the modern drama,which makes Chekhov’s drama different from the classical drama paradigm followed by Lermontov, Gogol and Tolstoy. This study is of great value both to the study of Chekhov’ s modern drama thought and the transformation of his creative techniques.This paper tries to reinterpret the significance and value of Ivanov in the history of drama from three aspects: the creation and performance of Ivanov, the end of the literary tradition of the "superfluous man", and the interpretation of Ivanov’s death.