《红楼梦》引诗、论诗的“失误”与曹雪芹的诗学造诣

On the“Mistakes”in Quoting and Discussing Poems in Dream of the Red Chamber

《红楼梦》有大量的引诗与论诗的片段,其中出现了一些引诗与原作不符以及小说人物在论诗时失当的现象。这两种特殊情况是小说的瑕疵还是曹雪芹有意为之?通过文本分析后发现,《红楼梦》对所引的一些唐宋诗句有意进行了更改,诗论中也故意出现一些失当,这二者都是大有深意的,与人物身份、性格及处境有潜在关联,目的是使得文本更加贴近真实生活和真实人物。曹雪芹的诗论观点渊源于严羽,并以明清之际的唐宋诗学观念对严羽进行修正。其诗学观及其某些“失误”,既是清前期唐宋诗学之时代风气的反映,也是小说人物和情节的需要,展现了《红楼梦》诗论的特点。从这两种特殊情况中可以窥视曹雪芹的诗学造诣。

In Dream of the Red Chamber, there are a large number of fragments of quoted poems and discussed poems, some of which are inconsistent with the original and the novel characters are inappropriate in discussing poems. Are these two special cases the defects of the novel or Cao Xueqin’ s intention?Through the text analysis, it is found that Dream of the Red Chamber has deliberately changed some Tang and Song poems cited, and there are some improprieties in the poetics. Both of them are of great significance and are potentially related to the character’s identity, character and situation, making the text closer to the real life and real characters. His views on poetry originated from Yan Yu and revised Yan Yu with the poetic ideas of Tang and Song during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. His view of poetics and some "mistakes" are not only the reflection of the era atmosphere of poetics in the Tang and Song in the early Qing Dynasty, but also the needs of the characters and plots of the novel, showing the characteristics of the poetics of Dream of the Red Chambers. From these two special cases, we can see Cao Xueqin’s poetic attainments.