从上林苑到《上林赋》:汉帝国的博物空间及其笔端营造

Form Shanglin Garden to Shanglin Fu:The Natural History Space of the Han Empire and Its Writing

《上林赋》是描绘上林苑的赋作,在景观转化为文本的过程中,文学创作与现实世界呈现出既相互依存、又彼此独立的微妙互动。上林苑因陈列多元物种而表现出博物空间性质,《上林赋》则可视为这一博物空间的文本化形态。以此为视点,《上林赋》中夸张描写并非完全凭虚,而是匹配了现实上林苑“再现天下”和“通天见神”的空间布局意图。上林苑的某些建筑理念受制于客观环境而无法完整付诸实践,故借助《上林赋》文本得以延展实现。上林苑因帝国苑囿性质而呈现出权力意义,《上林赋》修饰了这一权力并借助文本流通突破了现实时空束缚,从而使权力以一种理想化形态被永久及广泛地展演。由此可见,历史景观的权力意义主要是通过对其进行修饰性描绘的文本得以再现的。

Shanglin Fu(《上林赋》)is a verse depicting Shanglin Garden(“上林苑”).In the process of transforming the landscape into text,literary creation and the real world present a subtle interaction that is both interdependent and independent of each other.Shanglin Garden displays multiple species and exhibit the nature,while Shanglin Fu transformed it into a text form.From this point of view,the exaggerated description in Shanglin Fu was not entirely based on fiction,but matched the spatial layout intention of Shanglin Garden to“reproduce the world”and“become a god”,and transformed it into“reality”with the help of text.The Shanglin Garden present the meaning of power.Shanglin Fu modified this power and broke through the constraints of time and space,so that power could be permanently and widely displayed.It can be seen from this that the power of the landscape was mainly reproduced through the texts that describe it with a modified description.