中国青年人教育程度异质性及其对主观幸福感的影响

Gender Difference of Chinese Youth Education and Its Influence on Subjective Well-being

本文基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2017年数据分析我国青年人受教育程度的总体状况及性别差异;在此基础上使用有序Logistic回归模型进一步实证分析我国青年人受教育程度对其主观幸福感的影响。研究发现我国青年人总体受教育程度不断提高,特别是接受高等教育人数及其比例都有较大幅度提升;但是青年人受教育程度依然存在性别差异,青年男性的平均受教育程度高于青年女性。随着青年人受教育水平的提高,其主观幸福感总体呈现上升趋势;至研究生及以上学历时,主观幸福感略有下降。进一步实证分析表明教育程度、年龄、性别、婚姻状况、收入、身体健康状况等因素对青年人主观幸福感有显著影响。教育程度对青年人主观幸福感的影响也存在性别差异,青年女性主观幸福感受教育程度的影响比男性大;大学本科学历对青年女性幸福感的提高程度要远远高于青年男性。为促进青年人的健康发展并不断提高其整体主观幸福感水平,应该不断提高青年人受教育水平,特别是青年女性的受教育水平,实现教育的性别平等;提高青年人的收入水平,减轻男性在家庭和社会发展的多方面压力;关注青年人的婚姻问题,提升其婚姻幸福感,提高青年人的身心健康水平,降低抑郁发生率。

Based on the 2017 data of the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS),this paper analyzes the gender difference of Chinese youth education and its influence on subjective well-being through the use of Oaxaca-blinder decomposition and order logistic regression.The paper found that there is gender differ⁃ence of educational level of Chinese youth.Men’s educational level is higher than women.With the im⁃provement of young people’s education,their subjective well-being generally shows an upward trend;when they achievea master’s degree or above,subjective well-being slightly decreased.This paper also shows that influence factors such as educational level,age,gender,marriage,income and physical health and etc.have a significant impact on the subjective well-being of Chinese youth.There are also gender differences in the impact of educational level on young people’s subjective well-being.Young women’s subjective well-being is more influenced by education than men.In order to improve the level of subjective well-being of Chinese youth,we proposed the following suggestions:improve the educational level of young people,especially young women;achieve gender equality in education;increase the income level of young people;reduce the pressure of men in family issues and social development;pay more attention to young people’s marital problems;improve young people’s physical and mental health.