企业参与实施现代学徒制决策的研究——基于共性与差异视角的实证分析

Research on the Decision of Implementing Modern Apprenticeship by Enterprises:Empirical Analysis Based on Similarities and Differences

现代学徒制是校企双方合作育人的制度,企业参与办学不可或缺。因此有必要分析企业参与实施现代学徒制办学的影响和考量因素。以企业实施年限、企业类型、规模、员工岗位特征等因素作为自变量,考察企业对现代学徒制的了解度、满意度,分析企业对现代学徒制的收益、成本、自身优势、合作院校的期待程度。研究发现,企业从收益、成本、风险等因素中认同项目的比例高,而对现代学徒制的了解度、满意度存有较大差异;在对自身资源的认知和合作院校的期待上,不同的企业有不同的侧重。由此建议,学校与不同特点的企业合作推进现代学徒制时,首先应明确该企业对现代学徒制的了解程度、对学徒出徒的满意度的目标要求。其次,应根据企业不同的影响和考量因素,采取有针对性的合作策略。

The modern apprenticeship is a system of cooperative education between schools and enterprises,and requires enterprises to participate in.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the influence of enterprises’participation in the implementation of modern apprenticeship and their considerations.Taking the years of implementation,the type,the size,and job characteristics of enterprises as independent variables,this paper examined enterprises’understanding of and satisfaction with modern apprenticeship,and analyzed enterprises’benefits,costs,advantages,expectation to partner universities.It was found that a high proportion of enterprises approved the program in terms of benefits,costs,and risks,but there were large differences in their understanding of and satisfaction with the modern apprenticeship;and in terms of their own advantages and expectation to partner universities,enterprises had different priorities.It is suggested that when universities cooperate with a variety of enterprises to promote modern apprenticeship,they should first clarify the enterprises’understanding of modern apprenticeship and their target requirements on the satisfaction with apprenticeship completion.Besides,according to the different influences and considerations of enterprises,targeted cooperation strategies shall be adopted.