流域突发性水环境风险的评估方法

Method of watershed-scale environmental risk assessment for accidental water pollution incidents

针对突发性水环境风险,提出了以环境敏感受体保护为基础的流域突发性水环境风险评估技术方法。该技术方法充分考虑我国现行突发环境事件分级标准,从我国环境风险管理重点关注的环境敏感受体(如集中式饮用水水源地、行政边界及重要生态保护区域边界)着手,以环境敏感受体保护为最终目的,综合分析流域水环境风险水平,并通过环境风险地图进行表征。本方法统一了固定源和移动源的流域性突发环境风险评估,可用以对流域内存在的固定源和移动源进行全面识别与分级,是我国现有环境风险评估体系的补充,并可为提升我国流域水环境风险管理水平提供参考。

A watershed-scale environmental risk assessment technology method based on environmental risk receptor protection is proposed in this paper.The technical method fully considers two main parts:(1)China's current grading standards for environmental incidents,and (2)the accurate identification of water environment risk receptors such as centralized drinking water sources,administrative boundaries,important ecological protection areas and environmental risk sources.The level of environmental risk sources is determined by the level of environmentally sensitive receptors.This technical method unifies the watershed emergency environmental risk assessment of fixed risk sources and mobile risk sources.The technical method starts with the environmental risk receptors and focuses on environmental risk management,comprehensively analyzes the water environment risk level of the river basin and characterizes it through the risk map.Using this technical method,it is possible to comprehensively identify and classify the fixed and mobile risk sources in the watershed.This technical method is a powerful complement to China's existing environmental risk assessment system which can provide technical support for improving the water environment risk management level in China.