2016-2020年浙江省肾综合征出血热监测分析

Surveillance for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Zhejiang,2016-2020

目的了解浙江省肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病例流行特征和宿主动物种群、密度和病毒携带状况,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集2016—2020年浙江省HFRS疫情资料,描述性流行病学方法分析疫情的三间分布特征,并在浙江省5个监测点开展宿主动物调查,采用夹夜法调查捕获率,采集鼠形动物肺脏和血,分别检测汉坦病毒抗原和抗体,分析浙江省鼠形动物种群分布和带病毒情况。结果浙江省2016—2020年全省报告病例数(发病率)分别为349例(0.62/10万)、353例(0.63/10万)、327例(0.59/10万)、369例(0.63/10万)和260例(0.46/10万)。2016—2020年5个监测点在居民区布放鼠夹14068夹,捕鼠数622只,捕获率4.42%;野外布放鼠夹31875夹,捕鼠数2112只,捕获率6.63%,5个监测点室外鼠密度,差异有统计学意义(F=2.941,P=0.046)。5个监测点共捕鼠3065只,野外优势鼠种黑线姬鼠1830只,占捕获总数的59.71%;居民区优势鼠种褐家鼠330只,占捕获总数的10.77%,不同监测点的鼠种构成有差异(χ^(2)=1675.401,P<0.001)。全省5个监测点共检测鼠血清2808份,监测点平均抗体阳性率8.4%(236/2808);共检测鼠肺标本2815份,监测点平均抗原阳性率3.66%(103/2815)。对5个监测点的抗体阳性的鼠种比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=235.762,P<0.001);对5个监测点的抗原阳性的鼠种比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=116.195,P<0.001)。结论浙江省疫情高发地区捕获率和鼠带病毒率均较高,需要对疫情高发地区采取针对性防控措施,利于疫情防控。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS),the distribution,density and virus carriage of host animals in Zhejiang province,and provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods The incidence data of HFRS in Zhejiang from 2016 to 2020 were collected for a descriptive epidemiological analysis to understand its time,place and population distributions.The host animals were investigated at 5 surveillance areas in Zhejiang,the capture rate was investigated by the night method,and rat-shaped animal lungs and blood were collected for the hantavirus antigen and antibody detections,and analysis on the distribution and virus carriage of rodents in Zhejiang were conducted.Results The annual reported case numbers and incidence rate of HFRS in Zhejiang were 349 and 0.62/100000 in 2016,353 and 0.63/100000 in 2017,327 and 0.59/100000 in 2018,369 and 0.63/100000 in 2019,and 260 and 0.46/100000 in 2020.From 2016 to 2020,a total of 14068 rat traps were deployed in residential areas,and 622 rodents were captured,the capture rate was 4.42%,and a total of 31875 rat traps were deployed in the field,and 2112 rodents were captured,the capture rate was 6.63%in the 5 surveillance areas.The differences in rodent density in the filed among the 5 surveillance areas were significant(F=2.941,P=0.046).A total of 3065 rodents were captured in the 5 surveillance areas.The predominant rodent species in the field was Apodemus agrarianus,(1830,59.71%);the predominant rodent species in residential areas was Rattus norvegicus(330,10.77%),the difference was significant(χ^(2)=1675.401,P<0.001).A total of 3065 rodent serum samples were tested,and the antibody positive rate was 8.7%(236/2808),and a total of 3065 rodent lung specimens were tested,the antibody positive rate was 3.66%(103/2815),and the differences in rodent species which were antibody positive among the 5 surveillance areas were significant(χ^(2)=235.762,P<0.001);and the differences in rodent species which were antigen positive among the 5 surveillance areas were significant(χ^(2)=116.195,P<0.001).Conclusion The density and virus carrying rate of rodents were high in the areas with high incidence of HFRS in Zhejiang.It is necessary to take targeted prevention and control measures in key areas for the better prevention and control of HFRS.